Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme : fondements neuropathologiques et corrélations cliniques

Titre original en anglais : Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Neuropathological Underpinnings and Clinical Correlations

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Casanova, M. F., Sokhadze, E. M., Casanova, M., & Li, X. (2020). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Neuropathological Underpinnings and Clinical Correlations. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 35, 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2020.100832

Publication date: 24/06/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 14/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Manuel F. Casanova
  2. Estate M Sokhadze
  3. Manuel Casanova *
  4. Xiaoli Li

Résumé

Malgré l'accroissement des connaissances sur le trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), les résultats de la recherche n'ont pas été transposés en traitement curatif. À l'heure actuelle, la plupart des interventions thérapeutiques prévoient un traitement symptomatique. Les résultats des interventions sont évalués au moyen de critères subjectifs (p. ex., évaluations comportementales), lesquels, parallèlement à la nature très hétérogène du TSA, expliquent la grande variabilité de l'efficacité des traitements. La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (SMT) est l'un des premiers traitements qui cible une caractéristique pathologique centrale présumée de l'autisme, en particulier le déséquilibre de l'inhibition corticale qui altère la synchronisation à la fréquence gamma. Des études montrent que la SMT à basse fréquence appliquée au cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral chez des personnes atteintes de TSA diminue la puissance de l'activité gamma et augmente la différence entre les réponses gamma aux stimuli cibles et non cibles. La SMT améliore les compétences des fonctions exécutives liées aux comportements d'auto-surveillance et à la capacité d'appliquer des actions correctives. Ces améliorations se manifestent par une réduction des comportements dépendants du stimulus et une diminution de l'activation sympathique. Les résultats deviennent plus significatifs à mesure que le nombre de séances augmente et présentent un synergisme lorsqu'ils sont utilisés conjointement avec le neurofeedback. Lorsqu'elle est appliquée à basse fréquence chez des personnes atteintes de TSA, la SMT semble être sûre et améliorer de multiples résultats centrés sur le patient. De futures études devraient être menées dans de grandes populations afin d'établir les prédicteurs des résultats (p. ex., profilage génétique), la durée de persistance des bénéfices et l'utilité de séances de rappel.

Despite growing knowledge about autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research findings have not been translated into curative treatment. At present, most therapeutic interventions provide for symptomatic treatment. Outcomes of interventions are judged by subjective endpoints (eg, behavioral assessments) which alongside the highly heterogeneous nature of ASD account for wide variability in the effectiveness of treatments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the first treatments that targets a putative core pathologic feature of autism, specifically the cortical inhibitory imbalance that alters gamma frequency synchronization. Studies show that low frequency TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with ASD decreases the power of gamma activity and increases the difference between gamma responses to target and nontarget stimuli. TMS improves executive function skills related to self-monitoring behaviors and the ability to apply corrective actions. These improvements manifest themselves as a reduction of stimulus bound behaviors and diminished sympathetic arousal. Results become more significant with increasing number of sessions and bear synergism when used along with neurofeedback. When applied at low frequencies in individuals with ASD, TMS appears to be safe and to improve multiple patient-oriented outcomes. Future studies should be conducted in large populations to establish predictors of outcomes (eg, genetic profiling), length of persistence of benefits, and utility of booster sessions.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 14/09/2026 14:22.

Références citées
114
Avec un DOI
104
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
10
2 / 114 (1,8 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
1 / 114 (0,9 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
113 / 114 (99,1 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
0
Sans identifiant stable
8
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
606
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
606
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
138 / 606 (22,8 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 468 / 606 (77,2 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
3 / 606 (0,5 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 3 / 138 (2,2 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 1 / 472 (0,2 %).
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