Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Neuropathological Underpinnings and Clinical Correlations

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Casanova, M. F., Sokhadze, E. M., Casanova, M., & Li, X. (2020). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Neuropathological Underpinnings and Clinical Correlations. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 35, 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2020.100832

Publication date: 24 Jun 2020 Added to AutiHub: 14 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Manuel F. Casanova
  2. Estate M Sokhadze
  3. Manuel Casanova *
  4. Xiaoli Li

Abstract

Despite growing knowledge about autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research findings have not been translated into curative treatment. At present, most therapeutic interventions provide for symptomatic treatment. Outcomes of interventions are judged by subjective endpoints (eg, behavioral assessments) which alongside the highly heterogeneous nature of ASD account for wide variability in the effectiveness of treatments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the first treatments that targets a putative core pathologic feature of autism, specifically the cortical inhibitory imbalance that alters gamma frequency synchronization. Studies show that low frequency TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with ASD decreases the power of gamma activity and increases the difference between gamma responses to target and nontarget stimuli. TMS improves executive function skills related to self-monitoring behaviors and the ability to apply corrective actions. These improvements manifest themselves as a reduction of stimulus bound behaviors and diminished sympathetic arousal. Results become more significant with increasing number of sessions and bear synergism when used along with neurofeedback. When applied at low frequencies in individuals with ASD, TMS appears to be safe and to improve multiple patient-oriented outcomes. Future studies should be conducted in large populations to establish predictors of outcomes (eg, genetic profiling), length of persistence of benefits, and utility of booster sessions.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 14 Sep 2026 14:22.

Cited references
114
With a DOI
104
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
10
2 / 114 (1.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 114 (0.9%)
References with detected author names
113 / 114 (99.1%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
8
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
606
From DOI or external metadata
606
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
138 / 606 (22.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 468 / 606 (77.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
3 / 606 (0.5%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 3 / 138 (2.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 472 (0.2%).
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