Chronic Invalidation: An Underexplored Source of Autistic Distress
This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. The publication reports that autistic people are authors or co-authors, without specifying their number or identifying them by name.
Palser, E. R., Catron, E. J., & Kuo, J. R. (2026). Chronic Invalidation: An Underexplored Source of Autistic Distress. Autism in Adulthood, Article 25739581261495704. https://doi.org/10.1177/25739581261495704
This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:
Authors
Abstract
Autistic people experience many symptoms of psychological distress at higher rates than non-autistic people and have limited tailored supports. Addressing the mental health needs of the Autistic community therefore represents a research, a clinical, and a societal imperative. While research on intrapersonal contributors to psychological distress in Autistic people has uncovered several important antecedents and maintaining factors, research on interpersonal, societal, and systemic contributors is in its nascency. In this coproduced perspective piece, we discuss the potential role of chronic emotional and behavioral invalidation as a source of Autistic distress, provide examples of sources of invalidation that either occur at higher rates in Autistic people or may be unique to the experience of being Autistic, and make recommendations for integrating the concept of invalidation in research, clinical practice, and policy. Centering chronic invalidation as a core contributor to Autistic people’s mental health challenges has the potential to spawn novel research agendas, inform clinical care, and drive educational reform.
Bibliography cited by this reference
Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.
Cited bibliography overview
These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 23 Oct 2026 08:00.
- With a DOI
- 135
- Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
- 17
- References with detected author names
- 146 / 152 (96.1%)
- Without detected author names
- 6
- Without a structured title
- 6
- Without a stable identifier
- 17
- References with raw author names still to review
- 6
- References with external metadata lookup issues
- 0
- From DOI or external metadata
- 539
- From validated raw bibliography text
- 0
- Raw names already validated
- 0
- Raw names still to review
- 7
-
Marsha M. Linehan , Chelsey R. Wilks (2015). The Course and Evolution of Dialectical Behavior Therapy . American Journal of Psychotherapy, 69(2), 97-110. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.Type: Article DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.97 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W786354473Crossref OpenAlex
-
González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5 . American Psychiatric Association.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Nathan E. Cook , Maggie Gorraiz (2016). Dialectical behavior therapy for nonsuicidal self‐injury and depression among adolescents: preliminary meta‐analytic evidence . Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 21(2), 81-89. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Domingo García-Villamisar , Paul Wehman , Maria Diaz Navarro (2002). Changes in the quality of autistic people's life that work in supported and sheltered employment. A 5-year follow-up study . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 17(4), 309-312. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Lorna Wing (1981). Sex ratios in early childhood autism and related conditions . Psychiatry Research, 5(2), 129-137. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Micah O. Mazurek (2014). Loneliness, friendship, and well-being in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Autism, 18(3), 223-232. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Susan W White , Roxann Roberson-Nay (2009). Anxiety, Social Deficits, and Loneliness in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(7), 1006-1013. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ashley C. Woodman , Leann E. Smith , Jan S. Greenberg , Marsha R. Mailick (2015). Change in Autism Symptoms and Maladaptive Behaviors in Adolescence and Adulthood: The Role of Positive Family Processes . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(1), 111-126. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Eve G. Spratt , Joyce S. Nicholas , Kathleen T. Brady , Laura A. Carpenter , Charles R. Hatcher , Kirk A. Meekins et al. (2012). Enhanced Cortisol Response to Stress in Children in Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(1), 75-81. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Jacquiline den Houting *Autistic author. Learn more… , Julianne M. Higgins *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kathy Isaacs *Autistic author. Learn more… , Joanne Mahony *Autistic author. Learn more… , Elizabeth Pellicano (2022). From ivory tower to inclusion: Stakeholders’ experiences of community engagement in Australian autism research . Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 876990. Frontiers Media SA.
-
Bernard Rimé (2007). The Social Sharing of Emotion as an Interface Between Individual and Collective Processes in the Construction of Emotional Climates . Journal of Social Issues, 63(2), 307-322. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Elizabeth Pellicano , Adam Dinsmore , Tony Charman (2014). What should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom . Autism, 18(7), 756-770. SAGE Publications.
-
Theodore P Beauchaine (2015). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology . Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 43-47. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Matthew Hollocks , Jian Wei Lerh , Iliana Magiati , Richard Meiser-Stedman , Traolach Brugha (2019). Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Psychological Medicine, 49(4), 559-572. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Philip Seeman (1987). Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia . Synapse, 1(2), 133-152. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Jorge Lugo-Marín , María Magán-Maganto , Amado Rivero-Santana , Leticia Cuellar-Pompa , Montserrat Alviani , Cristina Jenaro-Rio et al. (2019). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 59, 22-33. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Megan C. Tobin , Kathryn D.R. Drager , Laura F. Richardson (2014). A systematic review of social participation for adults with autism spectrum disorders: Support, social functioning, and quality of life . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(3), 214-229. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Victoria Nimmo-Smith , Hein Heuvelman , Christina Dalman , Michael Lundberg , Selma Idring , Peter Carpenter et al. (2020). Anxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(1), 308-318. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Dinah Murray *Autistic author. Learn more… , Mike Lesser *Autistic author. Learn more… , Wenn Lawson *Autistic author. Learn more… (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism . Autism, 9(2), 139-156. SAGE Publications.
-
Chloe C. Hudson , Layla Hall , Kate L. Harkness (2019). Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-Analysis . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), 165-175. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Bradley M. Appelhans , Linda J. Luecken (2006). Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Regulated Emotional Responding . Review of General Psychology, 10(3), 229-240. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Sarah Wigham , Stephen Barton , Jeremy R. Parr , Jacqui Rodgers (2017). A Systematic Review of the Rates of Depression in Children and Adults With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 10(4), 267-287. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
David Vagni , Davide Moscone , Sara Travaglione , Armando Cotugno (2016). Using the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) disentangle the heterogeneity of autistic traits in an Italian eating disorder population . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 32, 143-155. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Stephen W. Porges (2001). The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system . International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42(2), 123-146. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Heather Westwood , William Mandy , Mima Simic , Kate Tchanturia (2018). Assessing ASD in Adolescent Females with Anorexia Nervosa using Clinical and Developmental Measures: a Preliminary Investigation . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(1), 183-192. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Sarah M. Bankoff , Madeleine G. Karpel , Hope E. Forbes , David W. Pantalone (2012). A Systematic Review of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for the Treatment of Eating Disorders . Eating Disorders, 20(3), 196-215. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Heather Westwood , Kate Tchanturia (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorder in Anorexia Nervosa: An Updated Literature Review . Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(7), 41. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Elizabeth D. Krause , Tamar Mendelson , Thomas R. Lynch (2003). Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: the mediating role of emotional inhibition . Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 199-213. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Elina Jokiranta-Olkoniemi , David Gyllenberg , Dan Sucksdorff , Auli Suominen , Kim Kronström , Roshan Chudal et al. (2021). Risk for Premature Mortality and Intentional Self-harm in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(9), 3098-3108. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Clive J. Robins , Alex L. Chapman (2004). Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Current Status, Recent Developments, and Future Directions . Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(1), 73-89. Guilford Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Claire M. Brown , Victoria Newell , Ensu Sahin , Darren Hedley (2024). Updated Systematic Review of Suicide in Autism: 2018–2024 . Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 11(4), 225-256. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
ALAN E. FRUZZETTI , CHAD SHENK , PERRY D. HOFFMAN (2005). Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: A transactional model . Development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 1007-1030. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Tatja Hirvikoski , M. Boman , Qian Chen , B. M. D'Onofrio , E. Mittendorfer-Rutz , P. Lichtenstein et al. (2020). Individual risk and familial liability for suicide attempt and suicide in autism: a population-based study . Psychological Medicine, 50(9), 1463-1474. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Kairi Kõlves , Cecilie Fitzgerald , Merete Nordentoft , Stephen James Wood , Annette Erlangsen (2021). Assessment of Suicidal Behaviors Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Denmark . JAMA Network Open, 4(1), e2033565. American Medical Association (AMA).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Jennifer Hefner , Daniel Eisenberg (2009). Social support and mental health among college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(4), 491-499. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Kimberly A. Arditte , Ashley M. Shaw , Kiara R. Timpano (2016). Repetitive Negative Thinking: A Transdiagnostic Correlate of Affective Disorders . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35(3), 181-201. Guilford Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Thomas R. Lynch , Alexander L. Chapman , M. Zachary Rosenthal , Janice R. Kuo , Marsha M. Linehan (2006). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behavior therapy: Theoretical and empirical observations . Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(4), 459-480. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Amelia Aldao , Dylan G. Gee , Andres De Los Reyes , Ilana Seager (2016). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions . Development and Psychopathology, 28(4pt1), 927-946. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Bonnie Sturrock , David Mellor (2014). Perceived emotional invalidation and borderline personality disorder features: A test of theory . Personality and Mental Health, 8(2), 128-142. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Katya C. Fernandez , Hooria Jazaieri , James J. Gross (2016). Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Perspective on a New RDoC Domain . Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(3), 426-440. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Meng-Chuan Lai , Michael Lombardo , Greg Pasco , Amber Ruigrok , Sally J. Wheelwright , Susan A. Sadek et al. (2011). A Behavioral Comparison of Male and Female Adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions . PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20835. Public Library of Science (PLoS).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Julian F Thayer , Richard D Lane (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation . Journal of Affective Disorders, 61(3), 201-216. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ru Ying Cai , Amanda Richdale , Cheryl Dissanayake , Julian Trollor , Mirko Uljarevic (2019). Emotion regulation in autism: Reappraisal and suppression interactions . Autism, 23(3), 737-749. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Bernard Rimé (2009). Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review . Emotion Review, 1(1), 60-85. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Caitlin M Conner , Susan W White , Lawrence Scahill , Carla Mazefsky (2020). The role of emotion regulation and core autism symptoms in the experience of anxiety in autism . Autism, 24(4), 931-940. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Caitlin M. Conner , Rebecca Elias , Isaac C. Smith , Susan W White (2023). Emotion regulation and executive function: Associations with depression and anxiety in autism . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 101, 102103. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Salma Mansour , Vanja Rozenblat , Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz , Chiara Paganini , Janet Treasure , Isabel Krug (2016). Emotions mediate the relationship between autistic traits and disordered eating: A new autistic-emotional model for eating pathology . Psychiatry Research, 245, 119-126. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Andrea C. Samson , Antonio Hardan , Rebecca W. Podell , Jennifer M. Phillips , James J. Gross (2015). Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder . Autism Research, 8(1), 9-18. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Carola Bloch , Lana Burghof , Fritz-Georg Lehnhardt , Kai Vogeley , Christine Falter-Wagner (2021). Alexithymia traits outweigh autism traits in the explanation of depression in adults with autism . Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Jamil Zaki , W. Craig Williams (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13(5), 803-810. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Andreia Pinto Costa , Cathia Loor , Georges Steffgen (2020). Suicidality in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Depressive Symptomatology, Alexithymia, and Antidepressants . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(10), 3585-3597. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Max E. Maisel , Kevin G. Stephenson , Mikle South , Jacqui Rodgers , Mark Freeston , Sebastian B. Gaigg (2016). Modeling the cognitive mechanisms linking autism symptoms and anxiety in adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 692-703. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Stefan G. Hofmann , Joseph K. Carpenter , Joshua Curtiss (2016). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ): Scale Development and Psychometric Characteristics . Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(3), 341-356. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Kristen P. Morie , Scott Jackson , Zu Wei Zhai , Marc N. Potenza , Barbara Dritschel (2019). Mood Disorders in High-Functioning Autism: The Importance of Alexithymia and Emotional Regulation . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(7), 2935-2945. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Bethany Oakley , Emily Jones , Daisy Crawley , Tony Charman , Jan K. Buitelaar , Julian Tillmann et al. (2022). Alexithymia in autism: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with social-communication difficulties, anxiety and depression symptoms . Psychological Medicine, 52(8), 1458-1470. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Maren Westphal , Robert L. Leahy , Andrea Norcini Pala , Peggilee Wupperman (2016). Self-compassion and emotional invalidation mediate the effects of parental indifference on psychopathology . Psychiatry Research, 242, 186-191. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ru Ying Cai , Amanda Richdale , Cheryl Dissanayake , Mirko Uljarevic (2018). Brief Report: Inter-Relationship between Emotion Regulation, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, and Depression in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(1), 316-325. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Marsha M. Linehan (1997). Validation and psychotherapy. In Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy. (pp. 353-392). American Psychological Association.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Darren Hedley , Mirko Uljarevic , Ru Ying Cai , Simon M. Bury , Mark A Stokes , David W. Evans (2021). Domains of the autism phenotype, cognitive control, and rumination as transdiagnostic predictors of DSM-5 suicide risk . PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0245562. Public Library of Science (PLoS).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Eric Hollander , Casara Jean Ferretti (2023). Special Report: Autism Spectrum Disorder and Inflexible Thinking—Affecting Patients Across the Lifespan . Psychiatric News, 58(04). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.Crossref OpenAlex
-
H. Jonathon Rendina , Kristi E. Gamarel , John E. Pachankis , Ana Ventuneac , Christian Grov , Jeffrey T. Parsons (2017). Extending the Minority Stress Model to Incorporate HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Men’s Experiences: a Longitudinal Examination of Mental Health and Sexual Risk Behavior . Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51(2), 147-158. Oxford University Press (OUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Elliot Gavin Keenan *Autistic author. Learn more… , Katherine Gotham , Matthew D Lerner (2018). Hooked on a feeling: Repetitive cognition and internalizing symptomatology in relation to autism spectrum symptomatology . Autism, 22(7), 814-824. SAGE Publications.
-
Jiedi Lei , Tony Charman , Eleanor Leigh , Ailsa Russell , Zameer Mohamed , Matthew Hollocks (2022). Examining the relationship between cognitive inflexibility and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in autistic children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis . Autism Research, 15(12), 2265-2295. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ann Ozsivadjian , Matthew Hollocks , Iliana Magiati , Francesca Happé , Gillian Baird , Michael Absoud (2021). Is cognitive inflexibility a missing link? The role of cognitive inflexibility, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty in externalising and internalising behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(6), 715-724. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Meng-Chuan Lai , Michael Lombardo , Amber Ruigrok , Bhismadev Chakrabarti , Bonnie Auyeung , Peter Szatmari et al. (2017). Quantifying and exploring camouflaging in men and women with autism . Autism, 21(6), 690-702. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Reid M (2024). Cognitive rigidity and depressive symptoms associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in autistic youth . Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 1.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Luisa Weiner , Amandine Flin , Jean-Baptiste Causin , Sébastien Weibel , Gilles Bertschy (2019). A case study of suicidality presenting as a restricted interest in autism Spectrum disorder . BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 126. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Rachel A. Rivera , Loisa Bennetto (2023). Applications of identity-based theories to understand the impact of stigma and camouflaging on mental health outcomes for autistic people . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1243657. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Anna Cook , Jane Ogden , Naomi Winstone (2018). Friendship motivations, challenges and the role of masking for girls with autism in contrasting school settings . European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(3), 302-315. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Hillary Schiltz , Alana J. McVey , Bridget Dolan Wozniak , Angela D Haendel , Rachel Stanley , Alexis Arias et al. (2021). The role of loneliness as a mediator between autism features and mental health among autistic young adults . Autism, 25(2), 545-555. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Laura Hull , K.V. Petrides , C. Allison , P. Smith , S. Baron-Cohen , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2017). “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2519-2534. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Rebecca Hymas , Johanna C. Badcock , Elizabeth Milne (2024). Loneliness in Autism and Its Association with Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11(1), 121-156. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Lauren Bishop-Fitzpatrick , Carla Mazefsky , Shaun M. Eack (2018). The combined impact of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability . Autism, 22(6), 703-711. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Rebecca A. Charlton , Goldie A. McQuaid , Gregory L. Wallace (2023). Social support and links to quality of life among middle-aged and older autistic adults . Autism, 27(1), 92-104. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Darren Hedley , Mirko Uljarevic , Mathilda Wilmot , Amanda Richdale , Cheryl Dissanayake (2017). Brief Report: Social Support, Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3669-3677. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ella Perry , William Mandy , Laura Hull , Eilidh Cage (2022). Understanding Camouflaging as a Response to Autism-Related Stigma: A Social Identity Theory Approach . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 800-810. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Eilidh Cage , Jessica Di Monaco , Victoria Newell (2018). Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473-484. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Masaki Tamura , Eilidh Cage , Ella Perry , Minako Hongo , Tōru Takahashi , Mikuko Seto et al. (2025). Understanding Camouflaging, Stigma, and Mental Health for Autistic People in Japan . Autism in Adulthood, 7(1), 52-65. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Henny Kupferstein *Autistic author. Learn more… (2018). Evidence of increased PTSD symptoms in autistics exposed to applied behavior analysis . Advances in Autism, 4(1), 19-29. Emerald.
-
Armagan Aral , Mirac Baris Usta , Ayse Erguner Aral , Ayse Erguner Aral , Ayse Erguner Aral (2023). Autistic traits and self-harm in adolescents: a study on interpersonal psychological theory of suicide . The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 59(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Deanna Dow , Lindee Morgan , Jessica L. Hooker , Matthew S. Michaels , Thomas E. Joiner , Juliann Woods et al. (2021). Anxiety, Depression, and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Community Sample of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Archives of Suicide Research, 25(2), 297-314. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Mirabel Pelton , Hayley Crawford , Ashley Robertson , Jacqui Rodgers , S. Baron-Cohen , Sarah Cassidy (2020). Understanding Suicide Risk in Autistic Adults: Comparing the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in Autistic and Non-autistic Samples . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(10), 3620-3637. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Melissa J. Zielinski , Jennifer C. Veilleux (2018). The Perceived Invalidation of Emotion Scale (PIES): Development and psychometric properties of a novel measure of current emotion invalidation. Psychological Assessment, 30(11), 1454-1467. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Petya D. Radoeva , Kristen Ballinger , Theodore Ho , Sara Jane Webb , Gary Stobbe (2022). Brief Report: Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(6), 2819-2824. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , David M. Frost (2020). Extending the Minority Stress Model to Understand Mental Health Problems Experienced by the Autistic Population . Society and Mental Health, 10(1), 20-34. SAGE Publications.
-
Natalie Yau , Sonia Anderson , Ian C. Smith (2023). How is psychological wellbeing experienced by autistic women? Challenges and protective factors: A meta-synthesis . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 102, 102101. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Laura Hull , William Mandy , Meng-Chuan Lai , S. Baron-Cohen , C. Allison , P. Smith et al. (2019). Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 819-833. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
(n.d.). 56. Validate. Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press & Assessment: Cambridge UK; 2026. https://dictionary.cambirdge.org/dictionary/english/validate [Last accessed: 4March 2026].Type: OtherCrossref
-
(n.d.). 57. Validate. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster Incorporated: Springfield MA; 2026. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/validate [Last accessed: 4March 2026].Type: OtherCrossref
-
Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2019). Understanding the Reasons, Contexts and Costs of Camouflaging for Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1899-1911. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
(n.d.). 58. Validate. Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries. Oxford University Press: Oxford UK; 2026. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/validate [Last accessed: 4March 2026].Type: OtherCrossref
-
Danequa L. Forrest , Rhiannon A. Kroeger , Samuel Stroope (2020). Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms and Bullying Victimization Among Children with Autism in the United States . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(2), 560-571. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Sarah Cassidy , K. Gould , Ellen Townsend , Mirabel Pelton , Ashley Robertson , Jacqui Rodgers (2020). Is Camouflaging Autistic Traits Associated with Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours? Expanding the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide in an Undergraduate Student Sample . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(10), 3638-3648. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
McKay M (2016). Emotion Efficacy Therapy: A Brief, Exposure-Based Treatment for Emotion Regulation Integrating ACT and DBT . Emotion Efficacy Therapy: A Brief, Exposure-Based Treatment for Emotion Regulation Integrating ACT and DBT.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Linehan M (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder . Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Ying-Chih Cheng , Yu-Chen Huang , Wei-Lieh Huang (2020). Heart rate variability in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 118, 463-471. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Nicole D. Cardona , Ryan J. Madigan , Shannon Sauer-Zavala (2022). How minority stress becomes traumatic invalidation: An emotion-focused conceptualization of minority stress in sexual and gender minority people. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 29(2), 185-195. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex
-
(n.d.). 70. Fruzzetti A Vijay A. Racism as an Invalidating Environment [webinar]. National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder: Township of Washington NJ; 2020. https://www.borderlinepersonalitydisorder.org/webinars/#foogallery-251052/i:1 [Last accessed: 18July 2026].Type: OtherCrossref
-
Wenn Lawson *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). Adaptive Morphing and Coping with Social Threat in Autism: An Autistic Perspective . Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 8(3), 519-526. Lifescience Global.
-
Ashley M. Pierson , Vinushini Arunagiri , Debra M. Bond (2022). “You Didn’t Cause Racism, and You Have to Solve it Anyways”: Antiracist Adaptations to Dialectical Behavior Therapy for White Therapists . Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 29(4), 796-815. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , Bridget Dibb , David M. Frost (2022). "Autism is me": an investigation of how autistic individuals make sense of autism and stigma . Disability & Society, 37(3), 427-453. Informa UK Limited.
-
Linehan MM (2014). DBT Skills Training Manual . DBT Skills Training Manual.Type: OtherCrossref
-
(n.d.). 76. Rose K. An autistic invalidation. The Autistic advocate: Durham UK; 2018. https://theautisticadvocate.com/2018/09/an-autistic-invalidation/ [Last accessed: 24June 2026].Type: OtherCrossref
-
Amy Pearson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kieran Rose *Autistic author. Learn more… (2021). A Conceptual Analysis of Autistic Masking: Understanding the Narrative of Stigma and the Illusion of Choice . Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 52-60. SAGE Publications.
-
Tony Attwood *Autistic author. Learn more… (2007). The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome . Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Gould J (2011). Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis? Girls and women on the autism spectrum . Good Autism Pract, 12(1), 34.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Laura Hull , Lily Levy , Meng-Chuan Lai , K.V. Petrides , S. Baron-Cohen , C. Allison et al. (2021). Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? Molecular Autism, 12(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Russo F (2018). The costs of camouflaging autism . Spectrum News, 21.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Massimiliano Sommantico , Santa Parrello (2022). Internalized stigma, adult attachment, relationship satisfaction, and depression in Italian gay and bisexual men: The mediating role of emotion regulation . Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 26(2), 158-175. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Kirsten Corden , Rebecca Brewer , Eilidh Cage (2021). Personal identity after an autism diagnosis: Relationships with self-esteem, mental wellbeing, and diagnostic timing . Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 699335-699335. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Keren MacLennan , Sarah O’Brien *Autistic author. Learn more… , T. Tavassoli (2022). In Our Own Words: The Complex Sensory Experiences of Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(7), 3061-3075. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
-
Elizabeth M. Radulski (2022). Conceptualising Autistic Masking, Camouflaging, and Neurotypical Privilege: Towards a Minority Group Model of Neurodiversity . Human Development, 66(2), 113-127. S. Karger AG.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Louise Bradley , Rebecca Shaw , S. Baron-Cohen , Sarah Cassidy (2021). Autistic Adults' Experiences of Camouflaging and Its Perceived Impact on Mental Health . Autism in Adulthood, 3(4), 320-329. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Wei Ai , William A. Cunningham , Meng-Chuan Lai (2024). Camouflaging, internalized stigma, and mental health in the general population . International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 70(7), 1239. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ketan R. Parmar , Catherine S. Porter , Christine M. Dickinson , James Pelham *Autistic author. Learn more… , Peter Baimbridge *Autistic author. Learn more… , Emma Gowen (2021). Visual Sensory Experiences From the Viewpoint of Autistic Adults . Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 633037-633037. Frontiers Media SA.
-
Lorie A. Ritschel , Lisa Guy , Brenna Maddox (2022). A pilot study of dialectical behaviour therapy skills training for autistic adults . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 50(2), 187-202. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Maria Strömberg , Lina Liman , Peter Bang , Kajsa Igelström (2022). Experiences of Sensory Overload and Communication Barriers by Autistic Adults in Health Care Settings . Autism Adulthood, 4(1), 66. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Milton (2017). A Mismatch of Salience: Explorations of the Nature of Autism From Theory to Practice . A Mismatch of Salience: Explorations of the Nature of Autism from Theory to Practice..Type: OtherCrossref
-
Alice Turnock , Kate Langley , Catherine R G Jones (2022). Understanding Stigma in Autism: A Narrative Review and Theoretical Model . Autism in Adulthood, 4(1), 76-91. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Jordan Sibeoni , Laura Massoutier , Marie Valette , Emilie Manolios , Laurence Verneuil , Mario Speranza et al. (2022). The sensory experiences of autistic people: A metasynthesis . Autism, 26(5), 1032-1045. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Tracy Finch , J. Mackintosh , Alex Petrou , H. McConachie , Ann Le Couteur , Deborah Garland et al. (2022). “We couldn’t think in the box if we tried. We can’t even find the damn box”: A qualitative study of the lived experiences of autistic adults and relatives of autistic adults . PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0264932. Public Library of Science (PLoS).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Grace Trundle , Katy A. Jones , Danielle Ropar , Vincent Egan (2023). Prevalence of victimisation in autistic individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Trauma, Viol., Abuse, 24(4), 2282-2296. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Catherine J. Crompton (2026). Autism diagnosis and the double empathy problem . The British Journal of Psychiatry, 228(5), 482-483. Royal College of Psychiatrists.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Damian E. M. Milton *Autistic author. Learn more… , Brett Heasman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Elizabeth Sheppard (2018). Double Empathy . In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp. 1-8). Springer New York.Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102273-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4234897114Crossref OpenAlex
-
Goodall C (2018). “I felt closed in and like I couldn’t breathe”: A qualitative study exploring the mainstream educational experiences of autistic young people . Autism Dev Lang Impair, 3.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Amber M Davis , Marjorie Solomon , Harolyn Belcher (2022). Examination of Race and Autism Intersectionality Among African American/Black Young Adults . Autism in Adulthood, 4(4), 306-314. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Merry Kalingel-Levi , Naomi Schreuer , Yelena Granovsky , Tami Bar-Shalita , Irit Weissman-Fogel , Tseela Hoffman et al. (2022). “When I’m in Pain, Everything Is Overwhelming”: Implications of Pain in Adults With Autism on Their Daily Living and Participation . Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 911756-911756. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Benjamin Wen , Henriette van Rensburg , Shirley O’Neill , Tony Attwood *Autistic author. Learn more… (2024). Autism and neurodiversity in the workplace: A scoping review of key trends, employer roles, interventions and supports . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 60(1), 121-140. SAGE Publications.
-
Amy Pearson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kieran Rose *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jon Rees *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). ‘I felt like I deserved it because I was autistic’: Understanding the impact of interpersonal victimisation in the lives of autistic people . Autism, 27(2), 500-511. SAGE Publications.
-
Jodie Wilson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Claire M. Brown , Susan M. Hayward *Autistic author. Learn more… , Mark A Stokes , David Nicholas , Darren Hedley (2025). Autistic Adults’ Experiences Seeking and Receiving Support for Mental Health and Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior . Autism in Adulthood. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Laura K Anderson *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). Autistic experiences of applied behavior analysis . Autism, 27(3), 737-750. SAGE Publications.
-
Doha Bemmouna , Luisa Weiner (2023). Linehan’s biosocial model applied to emotion dysregulation in autism: a narrative review of the literature and an illustrative case conceptualization . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1238116-1238116. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Vicki Gibbs , Elizabeth Pellicano (2023). ‘Maybe we just seem like easy targets’: A qualitative analysis of autistic adults’ experiences of interpersonal violence . Autism, 27(7), 2021-2034. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Liesbeth Taels , Jasper Feyaerts , Marie Lizon , Melissa De Smet , Stijn Vanheule (2023). ‘I felt like my senses were under attack’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of hypersensitivity in autistic individuals . Autism, 27(8), 2269-2280. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Michelle Cleary , Sancia West , Rachel Kornhaber , Catherine Hungerford (2023). Autism, Discrimination and Masking: Disrupting a Recipe for Trauma . Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 44(9), 799-808. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Gemma Hartley , Fuschia Sirois , Jack Purrington , Yasmin Rabey (2024). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Autism: A Meta-Analysis . Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 25(3), 2297-2315. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Elliot Gavin Keenan *Autistic author. Learn more… , Ava N. Gurba *Autistic author. Learn more… , Brittain Mahaffey , Catherine Faith Kappenberg , Matthew D Lerner (2024). Leveling Up Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Individuals with Emotion Dysregulation: Clinical and Personal Insights . Autism in Adulthood, 6(1), 1-8. SAGE Publications.
-
Vicki Gibbs , Emma Gallagher *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jennie Hudson , Elizabeth Pellicano (2026). Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Interpersonal Violence Reported by Autistic Adults: A Systematic Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13(1), 90-109. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
-
Doha Bemmouna , Amine Lagzouli , Luisa Weiner (2023). The biosocial correlates and predictors of emotion dysregulation in autistic adults compared to borderline personality disorder and nonclinical controls . Molecular Autism, 14(1), 47-47. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Dwyer, Patrick *Autistic author. Learn more… , Zachary J. Williams *Autistic author. Learn more… , Wenn Lawson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Susan M. Rivera (2024). A trans-diagnostic investigation of attention, hyper-focus, and monotropism in autism, attention dysregulation hyperactivity development, and the general population . Neurodiversity, 2. SAGE Publications.
-
Aino‐Mari Uisma , Tuija Virkki , Minna Ylilahti (2026). Misunderstood, Minimised, Misrepresented: Autistic Young Adults' Experiences of Epistemic Injustices in Healthcare Interactions Around Autism . Sociology of Health & Illness, 48(1), e70124-e70124. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Anne Huntjens , L. M. C. (Wies) van den Bosch , Bram Sizoo , Ad Kerkhof , Filip Smit , Mark van der Gaag (2024). The effectiveness and safety of dialectical behavior therapy for suicidal ideation and behavior in autistic adults: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial . Psychological Medicine, 54(10), 2707-2718. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex
-
Scaer AJ (2025). Inside out: Autistic psychologists on the power structures of diagnosis . Ought J Autist Cult, 6(2).Type: OtherCrossref
-
Kathryn Ridgway , Kassandrah Cooke , David H. Demmer , Merrilyn Hooley , Elizabeth Westrupp , Mark A Stokes (2025). Camouflaging Autism in Pursuit of Friendship and Intimate Relationships: A Systematic Review . Autism in Adulthood, 7(5), 543-557. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Shu H. Yau , Kaylynn Choo , Jane Tan , Olivia Monson , Stephanie Bovell (2024). Comparing and contrasting barriers in augmentative alternative communication use in nonspeaking autism and complex communication needs: multi-stakeholder perspectives . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1385947-1385947. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Bruce Tamilson , Jessica A. Eccles , Sebastian C. K. Shaw *Autistic author. Learn more… (2025). The experiences of autistic adults who were previously diagnosed with borderline or emotionally unstable personality disorder: A phenomenological study . Autism, 29(2), 504. SAGE Publications.
-
Katherine Ardeleanu , Hillary Steinberg , Tamara Garfield , Samuelle Voltaire , Lindsay Shea , Maci Brown et al. (2025). Self-identification of autism: Why some autistic adults lack a clinical diagnosis and why this matters for inclusion . Autism, 29(9), 2344-2355. SAGE Publications.
-
Luisa Weiner , Doha Bemmouna , Madalina Elena Costache , Emilie Martz (2025). Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Autism . Current Psychiatry Reports, 27(5), 307-318. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Dimeff L (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy in a nutshell . Calif Psychol, 34, 10.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Melissa Strang , Joseph AE Sakdalan (2025). Neurodiversity-Affirming Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (NDA-DBT) Informed Group Skills Training Programme for Autistic Adults: A Pilot Study . Neurodiversity, 3. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Lothes JE (2014). Effects of a DBT-informed partial hospital program on depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and suffering . J Psychol Psychother, 4(3), 1.Type: OtherCrossref
-
(n.d.). 146. Palser ER Han J Bal VH et al. (In preparation). Prolonged autonomic nervous system recovery and elevated negative affect following unanticipated acoustic startle in autism.Type: OtherCrossref