Autism and neurodiversity in the workplace: A scoping review of key trends, employer roles, interventions and supports

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Wen, B., van Rensburg, H., O’Neill, S., & Attwood, T. (2023). Autism and neurodiversity in the workplace: A scoping review of key trends, employer roles, interventions and supports. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 60(1), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230060

Publication date: 24 Nov 2023 Added to AutiHub: 7 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Benjamin Wen
  2. Henriette van Rensburg
  3. Shirley O’Neill
  4. Tony Attwood *

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Autistic adults continue to experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment. OBJECTIVE: A scoping review was undertaken to: a) synthesise key findings in the literature regarding autism and employment from the employers’ perspective; b) examine trends in employer attitudes, theoretical frameworks and interventions; c) highlight gaps in the literature; and d) propose avenues for further research. METHODS: Literature published between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2023 was examined using the following databases: CINAHL via Ebsco, Cochrane Library, EMBASE via Ovid SP, ERIC via Ebsco, Medline, PsycINFO via Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest for dissertations and theses. RESULTS: The search identified 55 studies that met inclusion criteria. Selected articles were organised into the following themes: theoretical frameworks from the employer perspective, autism employment supports from the employer perspective and employer-specific interventions. CONCLUSION: This scoping review suggests that minimal research has been conducted on employer interventions that specifically target work environmental factors. The promotion of diversity in the workplace is an encouraging trend but this has not necessarily included the promotion of neurodiversity. Future research should include interventions to improve current and prospective employer knowledge and attitudes in not just hiring but supporting autistic persons in the workplace.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 18:17.

Cited references
99
With a DOI
87
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
11
3 / 99 (3.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 99 (5.1%)
References with detected author names
94 / 99 (94.9%)
Without detected author names
5
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
10
References with raw author names still to review
5
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
426
From DOI or external metadata
426
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
6
141 / 426 (33.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 285 / 426 (66.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
3 / 426 (0.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 3 / 141 (2.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 2 / 327 (0.6%).
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