Hooked on a feeling: Repetitive cognition and internalizing symptomatology in relation to autism spectrum symptomatology

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Keenan, E. G., Gotham, K., & Lerner, M. D. (2017). Hooked on a feeling: Repetitive cognition and internalizing symptomatology in relation to autism spectrum symptomatology. Autism, 22(7), 814-824. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317709603

Publication date: 26 Jul 2017 Added to AutiHub: 9 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
OpenAlex source Publisher source (DOI)

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
3
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 3 (33.3%)
  1. Elliot Gavin Keenan *
  2. Katherine Gotham
  3. Matthew D Lerner

Abstract

Repetitive cognition, including rumination such as that seen in depression, has been shown to correlate with depression symptoms in both typically developing individuals and individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Repetitive cognition is more common in autism spectrum disorder than in typically developing peers, as is depression; thus, this study evaluated the role of repetitive cognition in relation between autism spectrum symptomatology and depressive symptomatology. In all, 200 typically developing adults completed self-report questionnaires measuring autism spectrum symptomatology, different forms of repetitive cognition (general perseveration and depressive rumination), depression, and rejection sensitivity. Perseveration was found to mediate the relation between autism spectrum symptoms and depression, and to partially mediate the relation between autism spectrum symptoms and rejection sensitivity. We conclude that it is of vital importance to consider cognition when considering depression in autism spectrum disorder.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:31.

Cited references
51
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
0 / 51 (0.0%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
0 / 180 (0.0%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 0 / 33 (0.0%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 0 / 170 (0.0%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
33 / 180 (18.3%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 29 / 170 (17.1%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
33 / 33 (100.0%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 33 / 180 (18.3%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 29 / 29 (100.0%).
  1. Eva Troyb , Kelley Knoch , Lauren Herlihy , Michael C. Stevens , Chi-Ming Chen , Marianne Barton et al. (2016). Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors as Predictors of Outcome in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1282-1296. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2668-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W8220215
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  2. González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4247665917
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Connor M. Kerns , Philip C. Kendall (2012). The presentation and classification of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19(4), 323-347. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2109564797
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Mohammad Ghaziuddin , Neera Ghaziuddin , John Greden (2002). Depression in Persons with Autism: Implications for Research and Clinical Care . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(4), 299-306. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1016330802348 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1546207985
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Stephen Anderson , Jane Morris (2006). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for People with Asperger Syndrome . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34(3), 293-303. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s1352465805002651 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100696386
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Kristopher J. Preacher , Ken Kelley (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 93-115. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0022658 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2024306642
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. J Piven , P Palmer , D Jacobi , D Childress , S Arndt (1997). Broader autism phenotype: evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families . American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(2), 185-190. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1176/ajp.154.2.185 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1627088906
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Elizabeth J. Austin (2005). Personality correlates of the broader autism phenotype as assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) . Personality and Individual Differences, 38(2), 451-460. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.022 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2147661810
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Annelies A. Spek , Nadia C. van Ham , Ivan Nyklíček (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy in adults with an autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(1), 246-253. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1964450263
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Ozlem Ayduk , Geraldine Downey , Minji Kim (2001). Rejection Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms in Women . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(7), 868-877. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0146167201277009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1964874647
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Susan Dickerson Mayes , Susan L. Calhoun , Michael J. Murray , Jahanara Zahid (2011). Variables Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Children with Autism . Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23(4), 325-337. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10882-011-9231-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2167986597
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Simon Baron-Cohen , Sally Wheelwright , Richard Skinner , Joanne Martin , Emma Clubley (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism, Males and Females, Scientists and Mathematicians . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5-17. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005653411471 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100254283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Carrie L. Masten , Sylvia A. Morelli , Naomi I. Eisenberger (2011). An fMRI investigation of empathy for ‘social pain’ and subsequent prosocial behavior . NeuroImage, 55(1), 381-388. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.060 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1970001155
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Somer Bishop , Vanessa Hus , Amie Duncan , Marisela Huerta , Katherine Gotham , Andrew Pickles et al. (2013). Subcategories of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(6), 1287-1297. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1671-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2081608758
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Donald T. Campbell , Donald W. Fiske (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81-105. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/h0046016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2024509488
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Hagai Harari , Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory , Milli Ravid , Yechiel Levkovitz (2010). Double dissociation between cognitive and affective empathy in borderline personality disorder . Psychiatry Research, 175(3), 277-279. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.03.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1985600381
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. A. MARIJE BOONSTRA , JAAP OOSTERLAAN , JOSEPH A. SERGEANT , Jan K. Buitelaar (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: a meta-analytic review . Psychological Medicine, 35(8), 1097-1108. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s003329170500499x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2169700640
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema , Blair E. Wisco , Sonja Lyubomirsky (2008). Rethinking Rumination . Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4211130665
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Tara R. Buck , Joseph Viskochil , Megan Farley , Hilary Coon , William M. McMahon , Jubel Morgan et al. (2014). Psychiatric Comorbidity and Medication Use in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3063-3071. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2170-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1997388980
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Tobias Schuwerk , Maria Vuori , Beate Sodian (2015). Implicit and explicit Theory of Mind reasoning in autism spectrum disorders: The impact of experience . Autism, 19(4), 459-468. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361314526004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1997783792
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Brooke Ingersoll , Katherine Meyer , Mark W. Becker (2011). Increased rates of depressed mood in mothers of children with ASD associated with the presence of the broader autism phenotype . Autism Research, 4(2), 143-148. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.170 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2000746727
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Iris Carcani‐Rathwell , Sophia Rabe‐Hasketh , Paramala J. Santosh (2006). Repetitive and stereotyped behaviours in pervasive developmental disorders . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(6), 573-581. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01565.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2046101493
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. June Dent , John D. Teasdale (1988). Negative cognition and the persistence of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(1), 29-34. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.97.1.29 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2049970127
    OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Candida Peterson (2014). Theory of mind understanding and empathic behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders . International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 39(1), 16-21. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2001124283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Monali Chowdhury , Betsey A. Benson , Ashleigh Hillier (2010). Changes in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors with age: A study of high-functioning adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(2), 210-216. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2088551668
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Shivani Patel , Taylor N Day , Neil Jones , Carla A. Mazefsky (2017). Association between anger rumination and autism symptom severity, depression symptoms, aggression, and general dysregulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 21(2), 181-189. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361316633566 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2336798399
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504-511. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.109.3.504 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2009735175
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Laura Crane , Lorna Goddard , Linda Pring (2013). Autobiographical memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder: The role of depressed mood, rumination, working memory and theory of mind . Autism, 17(2), 205-219. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361311418690 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2155633989
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Katherine A. Pearson , Edward R. Watkins , Eugene G. Mullan (2011). Rejection sensitivity prospectively predicts increased rumination . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(10), 597-605. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2010058741
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Geraldine Downey , Scott I. Feldman (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327-1343. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.6.1327 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2026328722
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Kenneth D. Gadow , Sarit Guttmann-Steinmetz , Carolien Rieffe , Carla J. DeVincent (2012). Depression Symptoms in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comparison Samples . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(7), 1353-1363. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1367-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2036534761
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Isabel Dziobek , Kimberley Rogers , Stefan Fleck , Markus Bahnemann , Hauke R. Heekeren , Oliver T. Wolf et al. (2008). Dissociation of Cognitive and Emotional Empathy in Adults with Asperger Syndrome Using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(3), 464-473. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-007-0486-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2088779903
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Samuel D Gosling , Peter J Rentfrow , William B Swann (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains . Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504-528. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2162090451
    OpenCitations
  34. Thomas Ehring , Ulrike Zetsche , Kathrin Weidacker , Karina Wahl , Sabine Schönfeld , Anke Ehlers (2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking . Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 225-232. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2105204282
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Katherine A. Pearson , Edward R. Watkins , Eugene G. Mullan , Nicholas J. Moberly (2010). Psychosocial correlates of depressive rumination . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(8), 784-791. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2033692002
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Scott E. Maxwell , David A. Cole , Melissa A. Mitchell (2011). Bias in Cross-Sectional Analyses of Longitudinal Mediation: Partial and Complete Mediation Under an Autoregressive Model . Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(5), 816-841. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2011.606716 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2119963803
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Katherine Gotham , Kathryn Unruh , Catherine Lord (2015). Depression and its measurement in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 19(4), 491-504. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361314536625 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144755939
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Lindsey Sterling , Géraldine Dawson , Annette Estes , Jessica Greenson (2008). Characteristics Associated with Presence of Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(6), 1011-1018. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-007-0477-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2046353527
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. B. Hoza (2007). Peer Functioning in Children With ADHD . Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(6), 655-663. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm024 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2110917473
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Lai-Sang Iao , Susan Leekam (2014). Nonspecificity and theory of mind: New evidence from a nonverbal false-sign task and children with autism spectrum disorders . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 122, 1-20. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2013.11.017 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2087075313
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Judith S. Nijmeijer , Ruud B. Minderaa , Jan K. Buitelaar , Aisling Mulligan , Catharina A. Hartman , Pieter J. Hoekstra (2008). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social dysfunctioning . Clinical Psychology Review, 28(4), 692-708. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2079274086
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Christopher J. Smith , Colleen M. Lang , Lauren Kryzak , Abraham Reichenberg , Eric Hollander , Jeremy M. Silverman (2009). Familial associations of intense preoccupations, an empirical factor of the restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests domain of autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(8), 982-990. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02060.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2079578796
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Kurt Kroenke , Robert L. Spitzer , Janet B. W. Williams (2001). The PHQ-9 . Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2132322340
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Lerner MD (2017). American Psychological Association Handbook of Psychopathology . American Psychological Association Handbook of Psychopathology.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  45. Atsushi Senju (2012). Spontaneous Theory of Mind and Its Absence in Autism Spectrum Disorders . The Neuroscientist, 18(2), 108-113. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1073858410397208 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2116421617
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Susan W. White , Thomas H. Ollendick , Bethany C. Bray (2011). College students on the autism spectrum . Autism, 15(6), 683-701. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361310393363 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2133291294
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Emily Ruzich , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith , Peter Watson , Bonnie Auyeung , Howard Ring et al. (2015). Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females . Molecular Autism, 6(1), 2. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-6-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2146171721
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Anke Scheeren , Marc de Rosnay , Hans M. Koot , Sander Begeer (2013). Rethinking theory of mind in high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(6), 628-635. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2155783766
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Wendy Treynor , Richard Gonzalez , Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2003). Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis . Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247-259. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1023910315561 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2158598050
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Mirko Uljarević , David W. Evans , Gail A. Alvares , Andrew Whitehouse (2016). Short report: relationship between restricted and repetitive behaviours in children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents . Molecular Autism, 7(1), 29-29. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0091-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2422695351
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Matthew D Lerner , Tamara E. Rosen , Erin Kang , Cara M. Keifer , Alan H. Gerber (2018). Autism Spectrum Disorder . In The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (pp. 223-234). Oxford University Press.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.15 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2899663460
    OpenAlex