Disordered eating in autistic trans and gender diverse people: a lived experience-led scoping review

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White, L., Schweizer, K., & Thomas, K. S. (2025). Disordered eating in autistic trans and gender diverse people: a lived experience-led scoping review. Journal of Eating Disorders, 13(1), Article 266. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01447-z

Publication date: 19 Nov 2025 Added to AutiHub: 5 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
3
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 3 (66.7%)
  1. Luka White *
  2. Kai Schweizer *
  3. Kai S. Thomas

Abstract

Abstract Background This lived experience-led scoping review explores the evidence base related to eating disorders/disordered eating behaviours in Autistic trans and gender diverse (TGD) people. This review highlights the currently available data on eating disorder prevalence rates, comparisons with allistic and cisgender groups, drivers and maintenance factors, the relationship between eating disorders and gender-affirming medical care, and treatment outcomes in this population. Methods We conducted a search of the databases ProQuest, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO for articles relating to eating disorders/disordered eating behaviours in Autistic TGD people. Five articles published between 2021 and 2025 met the criteria for the review. Results The included articles were predominantly cross-sectional studies (n = 4) and one case series (n = 1). Researchers used a mixture of self-reported and clinically recorded eating disorder diagnoses, as well as validated measures, including the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Scale. The literature highlights that the prevalence of eating disorders/disordered eating behaviours is high in the Autistic TGD population, and suggests that atypical presentations may be particularly common. Possible drivers and maintenance factors include sensory hypersensitivity, co-occurring Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, gender dysphoria and passing concerns, and appearance pressures idealising thinness. Limited data were available on the role of gender-affirming medical care or eating disorder treatments, or on treatment outcomes. Discussion Further research is needed to better understand the nuances of eating disorders/disordered eating behaviours in Autistic TGD people. Key to future research inquiries should be the adoption of an intersectional approach, co-production of research with Autistic TGD people, and research considering treatment outcomes.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 28 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
104
With a DOI
97
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
7
15 / 104 (14.4%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
6 / 104 (5.8%)
References with detected author names
101 / 104 (97.1%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
6
Without a stable identifier
7
References with raw author names still to review
3
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
779
From DOI or external metadata
779
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
4
179 / 779 (23.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 600 / 779 (77.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
18 / 779 (2.3%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 18 / 179 (10.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 14 / 583 (2.4%).
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