Eating and exercise experiences of Australian trans and gender diverse folks: Lived experience and stakeholder perspectives

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Schweizer, K., Austin, F., Wright, K., Jackson, B., Lin, A., Strauss, P., & Furzer, B. (2025). Eating and exercise experiences of Australian trans and gender diverse folks: Lived experience and stakeholder perspectives. International Journal of Transgender Health, 27(1), 423-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2024.2447765

Publication date: 6 Jan 2025 Added to AutiHub: 29 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)
  1. Kai Schweizer *
  2. Felicity Austin
  3. Kemi Wright
  4. Ben Jackson
  1. Ashleigh Lin
  2. Penelope Strauss
  3. Bonnie Furzer

Abstract

Objective Trans individuals face elevated health risks and socio-environmental challenges, influencing their engagement in health-protective behaviors (e.g. exercise and nutrition). Despite these challenges, there is a significant gap in understanding the specific eating and exercise experiences of Australian trans adults, including barriers to healthy behaviors and healthcare experiences. This study aims to address this gap by exploring these experiences, informing targeted interventions and healthcare practices to improve health outcomes.Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 participants to explore their experiences with eating and exercise behaviors (12 transgender individuals and 13 healthcare; six were from both categories). Participants were recruited from health and community services, interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results The eating and exercise behaviors of trans adults appear to be influenced positively (e.g. health promoting) and/or negatively (e.g. harmful) by their gendered experiences and socio-environmental context. Healthy behaviors included individual- and social-based exercise within the community and intentional eating practices to support health, whereas potentially harmful behaviors included compulsive exercise and restrictive eating. Analysis resulted in identification of three themes that shaped the motivation and behaviors of trans folk: (1) gender affirmation, (2) neurodivergence, and (3) environmental influences.Discussion The findings underscore that eating and exercise behaviors among trans people are shaped by complex factors including gender expression and gender dysphoria, co-occurring neurodivergence, and systemic disadvantages. These dynamics contribute significantly to the high prevalence of harmful behaviors, including disordered eating and eating disorders in this population, and necessitate the integration of gender-affirming and person-centered approaches in healthcare and public policy. The current assessment and management of disordered eating and exercise behaviors fail to address the specific needs of trans individuals and highlights the need for inclusive and effective strategies to prevent and treat disordered exercise and eating behaviors.

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These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
71
With a DOI
62
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
7
5 / 71 (7.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
3 / 71 (4.2%)
References with detected author names
68 / 71 (95.8%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
3
Without a stable identifier
5
References with raw author names still to review
3
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
678
From DOI or external metadata
678
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
4
55 / 678 (8.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 623 / 678 (91.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
7 / 678 (1.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 7 / 55 (12.7%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 6 / 643 (0.9%).
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