A thematic analysis of the views of neurodivergent women with a personality disorder diagnosis on clinical pathways within mental health services

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Graham, R., Matthews, Z., Parker, J., Dyer, T., Cullinane, H., & Crole-Rees, C. (2025). A thematic analysis of the views of neurodivergent women with a personality disorder diagnosis on clinical pathways within mental health services. Discover Mental Health, 5(1), 200-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-025-00340-0

Journal or book title
Discover Mental Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
200-200
Article number
200
Publication date: 29 Dec 2025 Added to AutiHub: 24 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Rhian Graham
  2. Zoe Matthews
  3. Jennie Parker *
  1. Thea Dyer
  2. Harry Cullinane
  3. Clare Crole-Rees

Abstract

PURPOSE: Adults with a personality disorder diagnosis have a high prevalence of co-occurring autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is often no defined pathway within mental health services to meet the needs of this population, and a lack of evidence or consensus on the optimal approaches to identification, treatment and support for neurodivergent people with a personality disorder diagnosis. There has been little exploration of the views of this population on the care they receive in community mental health services. Therefore, the aim of this project was to understand the experiences and perspectives of neurodivergent people with a personality disorder diagnosis, to inform a clinical pathway which is effective, safe, sustainable and equitable. METHODS: Ten qualitative interviews were conducted with women with a diagnosis of, or had been referred for a diagnosis of, autism or ADHD, and a diagnosis of personality disorder. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Five key themes emerged; staff factors (understanding and skills, attitudes and communication), pathways and processes (access to services and barriers to support), involving and enabling (through adaptations and empowerment), support and clinical interventions (experience of individual therapies and groups, and opportunities to evaluate support), and diagnosis and identification (the impact and accuracy of diagnosis). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights gaps in current practice as well as personal preferences about identity and experiences of misdiagnosis. It identifies the components of an integrated clinical pathway, that include a person-centered, formulation-driven approach to assessment and reasonable adjustments; peer-led psychosocial support; adapted transdiagnostic psychological therapies; and embedded co-production. Clinical and research priorities are discussed.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 17:07.

Cited references
71
With a DOI
61
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
10
9 / 71 (12.7%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
13 / 71 (18.3%)
References with detected author names
62 / 71 (87.3%)
Without detected author names
9
Without a structured title
13
Without a stable identifier
10
References with raw author names still to review
9
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
315
From DOI or external metadata
315
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
9
104 / 315 (33.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 211 / 315 (67.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
24 / 315 (7.6%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 24 / 104 (23.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 21 / 300 (7.0%).
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