Childhood Executive Function Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults With and Without Autism: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study

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Fossum, I. N., Orm, S., Andersen, P. N., Geurts, H. M., Øie, M. G., & Skogli, E. W. (2023). Childhood Executive Function Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults With and Without Autism: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 48(3), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2023.2206663

Journal or book title
Developmental Neuropsychology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Volume
48
Issue
3
Pages
97-111
Publication date: 3 Apr 2023 Added to AutiHub: 20 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Ingrid Nesdal Fossum
  2. Stian Orm *
  3. Per Normann Andersen
  1. Hilde M. Geurts
  2. Merete Glenne Øie
  3. Erik Winther Skogli

Abstract

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing individuals were assessed on three neuropsychological tests of executive function (EF) and on scales of autism symptoms and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms at baseline (T1; N = 88, Mage = 11.8 years, 73% males), 2-year (T2; 99% retention, Mage = 13.9 years), and 10-year follow-ups (T3; 75% retention, Mage = 21.4 years). An EF composite score from T1 significantly predicted internalizing symptoms at T2 (β =.228) and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3 (β =.431 and.478, respectively), when controlling for age and autism symptoms. OThe findings suggest that EF difficulties are a long-term risk factor for more co-occurring symptoms..

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 3 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
63
With a DOI
54
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
9
5 / 63 (7.9%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 63 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
63 / 63 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
8
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
319
From DOI or external metadata
319
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
117 / 319 (36.7%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 202 / 319 (63.3%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
5 / 319 (1.6%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 5 / 117 (4.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 2 / 265 (0.8%).
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