French Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q)

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Bureau, R., Riebel, M., Weiner, L., Coutelle, R., Dachez, J., & Clément, C. (2023). French Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(9), 3549-3558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06048-w

Publication date: 22 Jun 2023 Added to AutiHub: 7 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 6 (33.3%)
  1. Raven Bureau *
  2. Marie Riebel
  3. Luisa Weiner
  1. Romain Coutelle
  2. Julie Dachez *
  3. Céline Clément

Abstract

PURPOSE: Autistic camouflaging is a collection of strategies used to hide autistic characteristics. It can have serious consequences on autistic people's mental health and needs to be addressed and measured in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire. METHODS: 1227 participants (744 autistic, 483 non-autistic) answered the French version of the CAT-Q in an online survey or on paper. Confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance testing, internal consistency analysis (McDonald's ω), and convergent validity with the DASS-21 depression subscale were conducted. Test-rest reliability was assessed on a sample of 22 autistic volunteers using intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A good fit was found for the original three-factor structure as well as a good internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability and highly significant convergent validity. Measurement invariance testing indicates however that the meaning behind items is different for autistic vs. non-autistic people. CONCLUSION: The French version of the CAT-Q can be used in clinical settings to assess camouflaging behaviors and intent to camouflage. Further research is needed to clarify the camouflage construct and whether reported measurement noninvariance are due to cultural differences or a true difference in what camouflaging might mean for non-autistic people.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 01:04.

Cited references
57
With a DOI
52
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
5
4 / 57 (7.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 57 (8.8%)
References with detected author names
52 / 57 (91.2%)
Without detected author names
5
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
5
References with raw author names still to review
5
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
245
From DOI or external metadata
245
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
5
121 / 245 (49.4%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 124 / 245 (50.6%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
5 / 245 (2.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 5 / 121 (4.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 4 / 184 (2.2%).
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