L’alexithymie pourrait expliquer la relation entre les traits autistiques et la psychopathologie des troubles alimentaires

Titre original en anglais : Alexithymia may explain the relationship between autistic traits and eating disorder psychopathology

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Vuillier, L., Carter, Z., Teixeira, A., & Moseley, R. (2020). Alexithymia may explain the relationship between autistic traits and eating disorder psychopathology. Molecular Autism, 11(1), 63-63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00364-z

Date de publication: 05/08/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Laura Vuillier
  2. Z. Carter
  3. Andrise Teixeira
  4. Rachel Moseley *

Résumé

CONTEXTE : Les personnes autistes sont disproportionnellement vulnérables à l’anorexie mentale et à d’autres troubles alimentaires (TA), et, au sein de la population générale, les traits autistiques sont corrélés à la psychopathologie des TA. Un mécanisme supposé pouvant sous-tendre ce risque accru est l’alexithymie, une difficulté à identifier et à décrire les états émotionnels, observée à la fois dans l’autisme et dans les TA. Dans deux expériences menées auprès d’échantillons non cliniques indépendants, nous avons examiné si l’alexithymie pouvait médiatiser le risque accru de psychopathologie alimentaire chez les personnes présentant des niveaux élevés de traits autistiques. MÉTHODES : Notre première expérience a utilisé la macro PROCESS pour SPSS afin d’examiner les relations entre l’alexithymie (mesurée par la Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)), les traits autistiques (autism quotient (AQ)) et la psychopathologie alimentaire (Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)) chez 121 participants. Notre deuxième expérience (n = 300) a répliqué et approfondi cette analyse en examinant les effets modérateurs du sexe et en contrôlant l’anxiété et la dépression comme covariables. Nous avons également inclus une mesure supplémentaire de l’alexithymie fondée sur la performance, la Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). RÉSULTATS : L’étude 1 a suggéré que les scores à la TAS-20 médiatisaient la relation entre des traits autistiques élevés et la psychopathologie alimentaire. La réplication et l’examen plus approfondi de ce résultat, dans l’étude 2, ont révélé que cet effet de médiation était partiel et spécifique aux participantes de cet échantillon. L’effet de médiation semblait être porté par la sous-échelle de difficulté à identifier les sentiments de la TAS-20, même après contrôle de la dépression et de l’anxiété. Toutefois, les scores à la LEAS n’étaient pas significativement liés aux traits autistiques ni à la psychopathologie alimentaire. LIMITES : Les données transversales empêchent toute conclusion concernant la direction et la causalité des relations entre l’alexithymie, les traits autistiques et la psychopathologie alimentaire (ainsi que la dépression et l’anxiété), ce qui nécessite des recherches longitudinales. Notre échantillon non clinique était principalement composé d’étudiants universitaires caucasiens ; il reste donc à déterminer si ces résultats seraient extrapolables à des échantillons cliniques et/ou autistes. La divergence entre la TAS-20 et la LEAS soulève des questions cruciales concernant la validité conceptuelle de ces mesures. CONCLUSIONS : Nos résultats concernant les traits autistiques suggèrent que l’alexithymie pourrait expliquer partiellement la prévalence des TA chez les personnes autistes et pourrait ainsi constituer un élément important à prendre en compte dans la pathogenèse et le traitement des TA chez les personnes autistes comme non autistes. Des recherches supplémentaires auprès d’échantillons cliniques sont essentielles pour explorer ces idées. Les différences entre les hommes et les femmes soulignent en outre l’importance de rechercher des facteurs de risque spécifiques au sexe ainsi que des facteurs génériques chez les hommes et les femmes autistes et non autistes.

BACKGROUND: Autistic people are disproportionately vulnerable to anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders (ED), and within the general population, autistic traits correlate with ED psychopathology. A putative mechanism which may underpin this heightened risk is alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and describing emotional states which is observed in both autism and ED. In two experiments with independent non-clinical samples, we explored whether alexithymia might mediate the heightened risk of eating psychopathology in individuals high in autistic traits. METHODS: Our first experiment used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine relationships between alexithymia (measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)), autistic traits (autism quotient (AQ)), and eating psychopathology (Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)) in 121 participants. Our second experiment (n = 300) replicated and furthered this analysis by examining moderating effects of sex and controlling for anxiety and depression as covariates. We also included an additional performance-based measure of alexithymia, the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). RESULTS: Study 1 suggested that TAS-20 scores mediated the relationship between heightened autistic traits and eating psychopathology. Replication and further scrutiny of this finding, in study 2, revealed that this mediation effect was partial and specific to the female participants in this sample. The mediation effect appeared to be carried by the difficulty identifying feelings subscale of the TAS-20, even when depression and anxiety were controlled for. LEAS scores, however, were not significantly related to autistic traits or eating psychopathology. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional data prevents any conclusions around the direction and causality of relationships between alexithymia, autistic traits, and eating psychopathology (alongside depression and anxiety), necessitating longitudinal research. Our non-clinical sample was predominantly Caucasian undergraduate students, so it remains to be seen if these results would extrapolate to clinical and/or autistic samples. Divergence between the TAS-20 and LEAS raises crucial questions regarding the construct validity of these measures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings with respect to autistic traits suggest that alexithymia could partially explain the prevalence of ED in autistic people and may as such be an important consideration in the pathogenesis and treatment of ED in autistic and non-autistic people alike. Further research with clinical samples is critical to explore these ideas. Differences between men and women, furthermore, emphasize the importance of looking for sex-specific as well as generic risk factors in autistic and non-autistic men and women.

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Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 40 / 801 (5,0 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
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Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 84 / 979 (8,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 40 / 40 (100,0 %).
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