Biais de genre dans le dépistage de l'autisme : invariance de mesure de différents cadres de modèles du Quotient du spectre de l'autisme

Titre original en anglais : Gender bias in autism screening: measurement invariance of different model frameworks of the Autism Spectrum Quotient

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Belcher, H., Uglik-Marucha, N., Vitoratou, S., Ford, R. M., & Morein-Zamir, S. (2023). Gender bias in autism screening: measurement invariance of different model frameworks of the Autism Spectrum Quotient. BJPsych Open, 9(5), e173-e173. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.562

Date de publication: 01/09/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 08/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral Source OpenAlex

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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Hannah Belcher *
  2. Nora Uglik-Marucha
  3. Silia Vitoratou
  4. Ruth M. Ford
  5. Sharon Morein-Zamir

Résumé

Contexte Le Quotient du spectre de l'autisme est un outil populaire de dépistage de l'autisme recommandé pour identifier les cas potentiels d'autisme. Cependant, de nombreuses femmes autistes présentent des traits différents de ceux actuellement pris en compte par les mesures de dépistage et les méthodes d'évaluation, telles que le Quotient du spectre de l'autisme. Objectifs Différents modèles du Quotient du spectre de l'autisme ont été proposés dans la littérature, utilisant différents items de l'échelle originale à 50 items. Au sein des modèles présentant un bon ajustement, la présente étude visait à examiner si ces items évaluent les traits autistiques de manière similaire chez les hommes et les femmes. Méthode Dix-sept modèles du Quotient du spectre de l'autisme ont été identifiés dans la littérature. À partir des réponses d'un large échantillon d'adultes de la population générale du Royaume-Uni (5 246 femmes, 1 830 hommes), une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a été utilisée pour évaluer l'ajustement de chaque modèle. L'invariance de mesure selon le genre, avec ajustement pour l'âge, a été examinée dans les 11 cadres de modèles qui se sont avérés présenter un ajustement satisfaisant à nos données. Résultats Il est apparu que seuls deux items étaient invariants selon le genre (non biaisés), tandis que, pour les items restants, la probabilité d'adhésion était influencée par le genre. En particulier, les femmes avaient une probabilité plus élevée d'adhérer aux items relatifs aux compétences sociales et à la communication. Conclusions Si les items du Quotient du spectre de l'autisme reflètent effectivement des traits liés à l'autisme, ces items devraient être reformulés afin de garantir qu'ils ne présentent pas de biais lié au genre. Cela est essentiel pour assurer des diagnostics et un soutien plus rapides pour toutes les personnes autistes.

Background The Autism Spectrum Quotient is a popular autism screening tool recommended for identifying potential cases of autism. However, many women with autism demonstrate a different presentation of traits to those currently captured by screening measures and assessment methods, such as the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Aims Different models of the Autism Spectrum Quotient have been proposed in the literature, utilising different items from the original 50-item scale. Within good-fitting models, the current study aimed to explore whether these items assess autistic traits similarly across men and women. Method Seventeen Autism Spectrum Quotient models were identified from the literature. Using the responses of a large sample of adults from the UK general population (5246 women, 1830 men), confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the fit of each model. Measurement invariance with respect to gender, adjusting for age, was explored in the 11 model frameworks that were found to have satisfactory fit to our data. Results It emerged that only two items were gender invariant (non-biased), whereas for the remaining items, the probability of endorsement was influenced by gender. In particular, women had a higher probability of endorsing items relating to social skills and communication. Conclusions If the items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient indeed reflect autism-related traits, those items should be rephrased to ensure they do not present a gender-related bias. This is vital for ensuring more timely diagnoses and support for all people with autism.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

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Références citées
65
Avec un DOI
60
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
5
1 / 65 (1,5 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
3 / 65 (4,6 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
62 / 65 (95,4 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
3
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
4
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
296
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
296
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
3
93 / 296 (31,4 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 203 / 296 (68,6 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
1 / 296 (0,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 1 / 93 (1,1 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 1 / 236 (0,4 %).
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