Identité de genre, orientation sexuelle et expériences sexuelles défavorables chez les femmes autistes

Titre original en anglais : Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Pecora, L. A., Hancock, G. I., Hooley, M., Demmer, D. H., Attwood, T., Mesibov, G. B., & Stokes, M. A. (2020). Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females. Molecular Autism, 11(1), 57-57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00363-0

Date de publication: 11/07/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral Source OpenAlex

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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
7
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 7 (14,3 %)
  1. Laura A. Pecora
  2. Grace I. Hancock
  3. Merrilyn Hooley
  4. David H. Demmer
  1. Tony Attwood *
  2. Gary B. Mesibov
  3. Mark A Stokes

Résumé

Résumé Contexte Il est de plus en plus reconnu que les femmes autistes présentent des identités de genre et sexuelles plus diversifiées que leurs homologues non autistes. De même, les femmes autistes présentent également un risque accru d'expériences sexuelles défavorables. Étant donné que des taux plus élevés de victimisation sexuelle sont observés chez les personnes ayant des identités sexuelles diverses dans la population générale, les taux d'expériences sexuelles négatives chez les femmes autistes restent incertains. Cette étude visait à examiner la représentation de la diversité de genre et sexuelle chez les femmes autistes et à étudier leurs taux de rencontres sexuelles regrettées et non désirées parmi les femmes ayant une identité de genre transgenre et une orientation sexuelle non hétérosexuelle. Méthodes Deux cent quatre-vingt-quinze femmes ont rempli en ligne la Sexual Behaviour Scale-III (SBS-III). L'identité de genre et l'orientation sexuelle autodéclarées ont été comparées entre 134 femmes autistes (âge moyen = 26,2 ans, ET = 8,7) et 161 femmes non autistes (âge moyen = 22,0 ans, ET = 4,6). Les différences dans la prévalence des expériences sexuelles négatives ont été comparées selon le diagnostic ainsi que selon chaque catégorie d'identité de genre et d'orientation sexuelle. Résultats Les femmes autistes étaient plus susceptibles de s'identifier à une identité de genre transgenre (p < .05) et à une orientation sexuelle non hétérosexuelle (p < .007) que les femmes non autistes. Les femmes autistes homosexuelles étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir vécu une série d'expériences sexuelles négatives que les femmes autistes hétérosexuelles (OR ≥ 3.29 ; p < .01) et étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir vécu des expériences sexuelles non désirées que les femmes non autistes, quelle que soit leur orientation sexuelle (OR ≥ 2.38 ; p < .05). Aucune différence n'a été observée dans les taux d'expériences sexuelles négatives entre les femmes autistes bisexuelles et les femmes autistes hétérosexuelles comme les femmes non autistes bisexuelles. Les femmes non autistes bisexuelles (OR = 0.24 ; p = .018) présentaient un risque réduit d'expériences sexuelles regrettées par rapport à leurs homologues non autistes hétérosexuelles. Aucune différence d'expériences sexuelles négatives selon l'identité de genre n'a été observée dans l'échantillon autiste. Limites L'utilisation d'items de réponse à format fixe a pu limiter la capacité des participantes à fournir des réponses riches concernant leurs identités sexuelles et la nature des expériences sexuelles négatives. Le faible nombre de participantes s'étant identifiées comme transgenres (n = 40) limite la fiabilité des résultats relatifs aux expériences sexuelles selon l'identité de genre. En outre, bien que plusieurs méthodes de recrutement aient été utilisées dans cette étude, la non-représentativité peut biaiser les estimations des taux de prévalence. Ainsi, les données peuvent ne pas être représentatives de la population générale. Conclusions Les résultats indiquent que les femmes autistes présentent une plus grande diversité dans leurs identités sexuelles que les personnes sans autisme, celles ayant une orientation sexuelle homosexuelle étant davantage exposées au risque de vivre des rencontres sexuelles défavorables. Les résultats suggèrent l'importance d'une attention clinique accrue à cette diversité et la nécessité d'apporter un soutien afin de faciliter le développement d'une identité sexuelle saine et de réduire les risques identifiés dans cette étude.

Abstract Background There is growing recognition that autistic females present with more diverse gender and sexual identities than their non-autistic counterparts. Likewise, autistic females are also at an increased risk of adverse sexual experiences. As higher rates of sexual victimisation are observed in individuals with diverse sexual identities in the broader population, rates of negative sexual experiences among autistic females remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the representation of gender and sexual diversity within autistic females and examine their rates of regretted, and unwanted, sexual encounters among females with a transgender gender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation. Methods Two hundred and ninety-five females completed the Sexual Behaviour Scale-III (SBS-III) online. Self-reported gender identity and sexual orientation were compared between 134 autistic (M age = 26.2 years, SD = 8.7) and 161 non-autistic females (M age = 22.0 years, SD = 4.6). Differences in the prevalence of negative sexual experiences were compared across diagnosis and each gender identity and sexual orientation label. Results Autistic females were more likely to identify with a transgender gender identity (p <.05) and non-heterosexual sexual orientation (p <.007) compared to non-autistic females. Autistic homosexual females were more likely to have experienced a range of negative sexual experiences than autistic heterosexual females (OR ≥ 3.29; p <.01) and were more likely to have experienced unwanted sexual experiences than non-autistic females regardless of sexual orientation (OR ≥ 2.38; p <.05). There were no differences in rates of negative sexual experiences between autistic bisexual and both autistic heterosexual and non-autistic bisexual females. Non-autistic bisexual females (OR = 0.24; p =.018) presented with a reduced risk of regretted sexual experiences than non-autistic heterosexual peers. There were no differences in negative sexual experiences across gender identity in the autistic sample. Limitations The use of fixed format response items may have restricted participants’ abilities to provide rich responses pertaining to their sexual identities and nature of negative sexual experiences. The small number of participants who identified as transgender (n = 40) limits the reliability of results pertaining to sexual experiences across gender identity. Moreover, although multiple recruitment methods were used in this study, non-representative may bias estimates of prevalence rates. Thus, the data may not be representative of the broader population. Conclusions Results indicate that autistic females present with greater diversity in their sexual identities than individuals without autism, with those with a homosexual sexual orientation being at greater risk of experiencing adverse sexual encounters. Findings suggest the importance of increased clinical attention to this diversity and the need to provide support to facilitate the development of a healthy sexual identity and reduce the risks identified in this study.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Références citées
102
Avec un DOI
82
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
16
3 / 102 (2,9 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
6 / 102 (5,9 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
99 / 102 (97,1 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
3
Sans titre structuré
6
Sans identifiant stable
12
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
3
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
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Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
347
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
347
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
4
68 / 347 (19,6 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 279 / 347 (80,4 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
3 / 347 (0,9 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 3 / 68 (4,4 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 3 / 308 (1,0 %).
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