Profils de l'expérience parentale dans les familles d'enfants autistes

Titre original en anglais : Profiles of the parenting experience in families of autistic children

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Greenlee, J. L., Hickey, E., Stelter, C. R., Huynh, T., & Hartley, S. L. (2023). Profiles of the parenting experience in families of autistic children. Autism, 27(7), 1919-1932. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147399

Date de publication: 05/01/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Jessica L. Greenlee
  2. Emily Hickey
  3. Claire R. Stelter *
  4. Tuyen Huynh
  5. Sigan L. Hartley

Résumé

Les parents d'enfants autistes connaissent davantage de stress parental et présentent un risque accru de mauvaise santé mentale et physique par rapport aux parents d'enfants neurotypiques ; toutefois, tous les parents ne sont pas en détresse. La présente étude a utilisé une approche analytique centrée sur la personne afin d'identifier des profils de l'expérience parentale dans un échantillon de 183 mères et pères d'un enfant autiste (âgé de 5 à 12 ans) et d'examiner les associations entre l'appartenance à un profil et les résultats chez l'enfant. Les résultats ont indiqué trois profils chez les mères : Adaptatif (41,1 % ; pratiques parentales autoritatives élevées, stress le plus faible et compétence la plus élevée), Moyen (42,1 % ; moyenne de l'échantillon pour tous les indicateurs parentaux) et En détresse (16,8 % ; stress élevé, faible compétence, stratégies parentales inadaptées). Les pères ont été classés en quatre profils : Adaptatif (33,3 %), Moyen (37,7 %), En détresse — Permissif (15,3 % ; stress élevé, faible compétence, stratégies parentales permissives) et En détresse — Autoritaire (13,6 % ; un certain stress, compétence la plus faible, stratégies parentales autoritaires). Les profils différaient quant aux symptômes internalisés et externalisés chez l'enfant et à la sévérité des symptômes d'autisme. L'analyse comparative a également révélé que les enfants obtenaient de meilleurs résultats lorsqu'au moins un parent appartenait au groupe Adaptatif. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées et comprennent la promotion de messages donnant du pouvoir d'agir aux parents, ainsi que l'apport de nouvelles perspectives utiles dans le contexte d'interventions centrées sur la famille. Résumé grand public Les recherches montrent que les parents d'enfants autistes sont, en moyenne, stressés ; toutefois, il existe probablement un ensemble de facteurs, autres que le stress, qui caractérisent l'expérience parentale dans le contexte de l'autisme. Comprendre la diversité des expériences parentales des mères comme des pères d'enfants autistes est important pour l'élaboration d'interventions fondées sur la famille. Au total, 188 couples vivant ensemble et ayant un enfant autiste ont décrit leurs expériences parentales à l'aide d'une série de questionnaires examinant leurs sentiments de stress, leur compétence parentale et leurs attitudes et comportements parentaux. Nous avons ensuite réparti les réponses en profils — trois pour les mères et quatre pour les pères. Nous avons constaté que les parents qui ont signalé le moins de stress, le plus fort sentiment de compétence et l'utilisation de stratégies parentales réactives et directives (le profil Adaptatif) avaient des enfants présentant les problèmes comportementaux et les symptômes d'autisme les moins sévères. Il n'était pas nécessaire que les deux parents appartiennent à la catégorie Adaptatif pour que les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux de l'enfant soient moins sévères. Nous avons constaté que les enfants obtenaient des résultats tout aussi bons lorsqu'un parent était Adaptatif que lorsque les deux parents appartenaient à cette catégorie.

Parents of autistic children experience more parenting stress and are at increased risk for poor mental and physical health compared with parents of neurotypical children; however, not all parents are distressed. The present study used a person-centered analytic approach to identify profiles of the parenting experience in a sample of 183 mothers and fathers of an autistic child (5–12 years old) and to examine associations between profile membership and child outcomes. Results indicated three profiles for mothers: Adaptive (41.1%; high authoritative parenting, lowest stress, and highest competence), Average (42.1%; sample average of all parenting indicators), and Distressed (16.8%; high stress, low competence, maladaptive parenting strategies). Fathers were classified into four profiles: Adaptive (33.3%), Average (37.7%), Distressed—Permissive (15.3%; high stress, low competence, permissive parenting strategies), and Distressed—Authoritarian (13.6%; some stress, lowest competence, authoritarian parenting strategies). The profiles differed on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and autism symptom severity. Comparative analysis also revealed that children did better when at least one parent was included in the Adaptive group. Implications of these findings are discussed and include fostering empowering messages to parents as well as providing useful new insight in the context of family-focused interventions. Lay abstract Research shows that parents of autistic children, on average, are stressed; however, there is likely an array of factors that characterize the parenting experience in the context of autism other than stress. Understanding the diversity in the parenting experiences of both mothers and fathers of autistic children is important in the development of family-based intervention. A total of 188 co-habiting couples with an autistic child described their parenting experiences using a series of questionnaires examining their feelings of stress, parenting competence, and parenting attitudes and behaviors. We then sorted responses into profiles—three for mothers and four for fathers. We found that children of parents who reported the least amount of stress, highest feeling of competence, and use of responsive and directive parenting strategies (the Adaptive profile) had children with the least severe behavioral problems and autism symptoms. It was not necessary for both parents to be in the Adaptive category for child emotional and behavioral problems to less severe. We found that children did just as well when one parent was Adaptive compared with when both parents fell into this category.

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