Omission et altérisation : construire l’autisme sur les sites web des community colleges
Titre original en anglais : Omission and Othering: Constructing Autism on Community College Websites
Nachman, B. R. & Brown, K. R. (2019). Omission and Othering: Constructing Autism on Community College Websites. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 44(3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2019.1565845
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Auteurs
Résumé
Les étudiants autistes fréquentent des établissements d’enseignement supérieur de deux ans à un taux significativement plus élevé que les établissements de quatre ans. Lorsque ces futurs étudiants et étudiants actuels interagissent avec des établissements de deux ans, les sites web constituent une importante plateforme numérique permettant d’évaluer l’inclusivité et le climat du campus. L’environnement numérique est particulièrement important, car de nombreuses personnes autistes préfèrent communiquer par écrit. Nous avons employé une analyse critique de contenu afin de comprendre le climat numérique des campus dans des établissements publics de deux ans (n = 94), en analysant le contenu des sites web que les établissements utilisent pour décrire l’autisme. Les résultats montrent que le climat numérique des campus était peu accueillant pour la grande majorité des futurs étudiants et étudiants actuels autistes. L’autisme était omis sur 29,8 % des sites web institutionnels. Les établissements situés dans les régions orientales ou occidentales des États-Unis présentaient des taux d’omission plus faibles. Lorsque des références à l’autisme étaient présentes, le contenu des sites web utilisait un langage médical et juridique pour dépeindre les étudiants autistes comme déficients. Les sites web institutionnels altérisaient les étudiants en objectivant l’autisme et en utilisant le bénévolat ou les actions caritatives pour présenter l’autisme comme extérieur à la normalité. Les textes rédigés par des personnes autistes (étudiants, anciens étudiants, personnel ou organisations) étaient absents des sites web de toutes les institutions sauf une. Les implications pour les praticiens comprennent la lutte contre le capacitisme institutionnalisé en modifiant les sites web afin d’y inclure du contenu spécifique à l’autisme, en supprimant les récits fondés sur les déficits et en renforçant l’agentivité autiste par l’inclusion de documents rédigés par des personnes autistes.
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