Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Moseley, R., Ch, L., Gregory, N., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S., & Sui, J. (2021). Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(7), 3246-3259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05251-x

Publication date: 30 Aug 2021 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
OpenAlex source Publisher source (DOI) Full text

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Rachel Moseley *
  2. Liu Ch
  3. Nicola Gregory
  1. Paula Smith
  2. Simon Baron-Cohen
  3. Jie Sui

Abstract

The cognitive representation of oneself is central to other sociocognitive processes, including relations with others. It is reflected in faster, more accurate processing of self-relevant information, a "self-prioritisation effect" (SPE) which is inconsistent across studies in autism. Across two tasks with autistic and non-autistic participants, we explored the SPE and its relationship to autistic traits, mentalizing ability and loneliness. A SPE was intact in both groups, but together the two tasks suggested a reduced tendency of late-diagnosed autistic participants to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar others and greater ease disengaging from the self-concept. Correlations too revealed a complex picture, which we attempt to explore and disentangle with reference to the inconsistency across self-processing studies in autism, highlighting implications for future research.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:31.

Cited references
89
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
1 / 89 (1.1%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
1 / 345 (0.3%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 1 / 81 (1.2%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 1 / 276 (0.4%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
81 / 345 (23.5%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 42 / 276 (15.2%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
80 / 81 (98.8%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 80 / 345 (23.2%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 41 / 42 (97.6%).
  1. Fritz-Georg Lehnhardt , Christine Michaela Falter , Astrid Gawronski , Kathleen Pfeiffer , Ralf Tepest , Jeremy Franklin et al. (2016). Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(1), 139-154. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1164101963
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  2. Angela E. Abbott , Aarti Nair , Christopher L. Keown , Michael Datko , Afrooz Jahedi , Inna Fishman et al. (2016). Patterns of Atypical Functional Connectivity and Behavioral Links in Autism Differ Between Default, Salience, and Executive Networks . Cerebral Cortex, 26(10), 4034-4045. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv191 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2291733379
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. C. Neil Macrae , Aleksandar Visokomogilski , Marius Golubickis , Arash Sahraie (2018). Self-relevance enhances the benefits of attention on perception . Visual Cognition, 26(7), 475-481. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2018.1498421 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2882976049
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Glyn W. Humphreys , Jie Sui (2016). Attentional control and the self: The Self-Attention Network (SAN) . Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(1-4), 5-17. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2015.1044427 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1573926077
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Nicole Aerny‐Perreten , Ma. Felicitas Domínguez‐Berjón , María D. Esteban‐Vasallo , Carmen García‐Riolobos (2015). Participation and factors associated with late or non‐response to an online survey in primary care . Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 21(4), 688-693. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jep.12367 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1756227517
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Wei Fan , Yiping Zhong , Jin Li , Zilu Yang , Youlong Zhan , Ronghua Cai et al. (2016). Negative Emotion Weakens the Degree of Self-Reference Effect: Evidence from ERPs . Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1408. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01408 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2527224950
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Jie Sui , Glyn W. Humphreys (2015). The Integrative Self: How Self-Reference Integrates Perception and Memory . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(12), 719-728. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.015 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1622910632
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Autistica. (2021). Learning disability and autism. https://www.autistica.org.uk/what-is-autism/signs-and-symptoms/learning-disability-and-autism
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  9. Nikolaus Steinbeis (2016). The role of self–other distinction in understanding others' mental and emotional states: neurocognitive mechanisms in children and adults . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1686), 20150074. The Royal Society.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0074 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2415935486
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Simon Baron-Cohen , Sally Wheelwright , Jacqueline Hill , Yogini Raste , Ian Plumb (2001). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test Revised Version: A Study with Normal Adults, and Adults with Asperger Syndrome or High‐functioning Autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 241-251. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00715 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4294333904
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Anne Deckers , Peter Muris , Jeffrey Roelofs (2017). Being on Your Own or Feeling Lonely? Loneliness and Other Social Variables in Youths with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 48(5), 828-839. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0707-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2569624067
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Andrew F. Hayes (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach .
    Type: Book OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1849190772
    OpenAlex
  13. Simon Baron-Cohen (2009). Autism: The Empathizing–Systemizing (E‐S) Theory . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156(1), 68-80. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04467.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2028758511
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Maude Schneider , Erik Myin , Inez Myin-Germeys (2020). Is theory of mind a prerequisite for social interactions? A study in psychotic disorder . Psychological Medicine, 50(5), 754-760. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000540 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2934501821
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Simon Baron-Cohen , Daniel C. Bowen , Rosemary Holt , Carrie Allison , Bonnie Auyeung , Michael Lombardo et al. (2015). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test: Complete Absence of Typical Sex Difference in ~400 Men and Women with Autism . PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0136521. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136521 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1943649909
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Heather A. Henderson , Nicole E. Zahka , Nicole M. Kojkowski , Anne P. Inge , Caley B. Schwartz , Camilla M. Hileman et al. (2009). Self‐referenced memory, social cognition, and symptom presentation in autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(7), 853-861. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02059.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2164036505
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. David J. Turk , Kim van Bussel , Joanne L. Brebner , Andreea S. Toma , Olav Krigolson , Todd C. Handy (2011). When “It” Becomes “Mine”: Attentional Biases Triggered by Object Ownership . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(12), 3725-3733. MIT Press - Journals.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00101 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1965620764
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Simon Baron-Cohen , Sally Wheelwright , Richard Skinner , Joanne Martin , Emma Clubley (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism, Males and Females, Scientists and Mathematicians . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5-17. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005653411471 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100254283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. N. de Lacy , D. Doherty , B.H. King , S. Rachakonda , V.D. Calhoun (2017). Disruption to control network function correlates with altered dynamic connectivity in the wider autism spectrum . NeuroImage: Clinical, 15, 513-524. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.024 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2616931359
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Michael Lombardo , Jennifer L. Barnes , Sally J. Wheelwright , Simon Baron-Cohen (2007). Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism . PLoS ONE, 2(9), e883. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000883 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1965949765
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Kristen Bertschy , Daniel P. Skorich , S. Alexander Haslam (2020). Self-categorization and Autism: Exploring the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Ingroup Favouritism in the Minimal Group Paradigm . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(9), 3296-3311. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04149-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2962695454
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Jie Sui , Xun He , Glyn W. Humphreys (2012). Perceptual effects of social salience: Evidence from self-prioritization effects on perceptual matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(5), 1105-1117. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0029792 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1975493491
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Kristen Bottema‐Beutel , So Yoon Kim , Shannon Crowley (2019). A systematic review and meta‐regression analysis of social functioning correlates in autism and typical development . Autism Research, 12(2), 152-175. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2055 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2905651088
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Daniel P. Skorich , Tahlia B. Gash , Katie L. Stalker , Lidan Zheng , S. Alexander Haslam (2017). Exploring the Cognitive Foundations of the Shared Attention Mechanism: Evidence for a Relationship Between Self-Categorization and Shared Attention Across the Autism Spectrum . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(5), 1341-1353. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3049-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2586923073
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Jonathan DeRight , Randall S. Jorgensen (2015). I Just Want My Research Credit: Frequency of Suboptimal Effort in a Non-Clinical Healthy Undergraduate Sample . The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 29(1), 101-117. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2014.989267 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1982809779
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Catherine A. Burrows , Angela R. Laird , Lucina Q. Uddin (2016). Functional connectivity of brain regions for self‐ and other‐evaluation in children, adolescents and adults with autism . Developmental Science, 19(4), 564-580. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/desc.12400 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2235723937
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Leslie J. Carver , Andrew N. Meltzoff , Géraldine Dawson (2006). Event‐related potential (ERP) indices of infants’ recognition of familiar and unfamiliar objects in two and three dimensions . Developmental Science, 9(1), 51-62. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00463.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1994800862
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Catherine A. Burrows , Lauren V. Usher , Peter C. Mundy , Heather A. Henderson (2017). The salience of the self: Self‐referential processing and internalizing problems in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder . Autism Research, 10(5), 949-960. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1727 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2550244777
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Annabel D. Nijhof , Monica Dhar , Judith Goris , Marcel Brass , Jan R. Wiersema (2018). Atypical neural responding to hearing one’s own name in adults with ASD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(1), 129-138. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/abn0000329 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2784370144
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Julie Causton-Theoharis , Christine Ashby , Meghan Cosier (2009). Islands of Loneliness: Exploring Social Interaction Through the Autobiographies of Individuals With Autism . Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 47(2), 84-96. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-47.2.84 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1995863584
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Florence E. Enock , Miles R. C. Hewstone , Patricia L. Lockwood , Jie Sui (2020). Overlap in processing advantages for minimal ingroups and the self . Scientific Reports, 10(1), 18933. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76001-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3081060469
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Ruth van Veelen , Sabine Otten , Mara Cadinu , Nina Hansen (2016). An Integrative Model of Social Identification . Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(1), 3-26. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1088868315576642 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2023664141
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Isabella Choi , David N. Milne , Nicholas Glozier , Dorian Peters , Samuel B. Harvey , Rafael A. Calvo (2017). Using different Facebook advertisements to recruit men for an online mental health study: Engagement and selection bias . Internet Interventions, 8, 27-34. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.02.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2593891322
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Georgia Lockwood Estrin , Victoria Milner , Debbie Spain , Francesca Happé , Emma Colvert (2021). Barriers to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis for Young Women and Girls: a Systematic Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8(4), 454-470. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3095823263
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Blythe A. Corbett , Jessica M. Schwartzman , Erin J. Libsack , Rachael A. Muscatello , Matthew D Lerner , Grace L. Simmons et al. (2021). Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex‐Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication . Autism Research, 14(1), 127-142. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2440 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3107498375
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Jie Sui , Glyn W. Humphreys (2015). The Interaction between Self-Bias and Reward: Evidence for Common and Distinct Processes . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(10), 1952-1964. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1023207 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2030600469
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Patricia J. M. Van Wijngaarden-Cremers , Evelien van Eeten , Wouter B. Groen , Patricia A. Van Deurzen , Iris J. Oosterling , Rutger Jan Van der Gaag (2014). Gender and Age Differences in the Core Triad of Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 627-635. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1913-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2070034706
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Gabriela Rosenblau , Dorit Kliemann , Hauke R. Heekeren , Isabel Dziobek (2015). Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(4), 953-965. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2249-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2087143426
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Robert A. Peterson , Dwight R. Merunka (2014). Convenience samples of college students and research reproducibility . Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 1035-1041. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.08.010 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2071582555
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Eric D. Leshikar , Audrey Duarte (2014). Medial prefrontal cortex supports source memory for self-referenced materials in young and older adults . Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(1), 236-252. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0198-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2104600005
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Emma Grisdale , Sophie E. Lind , Madeline J. Eacott , David M. Williams (2014). Self-referential memory in autism spectrum disorder and typical development: Exploring the ownership effect . Consciousness and Cognition, 30, 133-141. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.08.023 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2092143976
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Gaowa Wuyun , Jiao Wang , Long Zhang , Kai Wang , Li Yi , Yanhong Wu (2020). Actions Speak Louder Than Words: The Role of Action in Self‐Referential Advantage in Children With Autism . Autism Research, 13(5), 810-820. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2274 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3003183485
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Claudia C. von Bastian , André Locher , Michael Ruflin (2013). Tatool: A Java-based open-source programming framework for psychological studies . Behavior Research Methods, 45(1), 108-115. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/s13428-012-0224-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2093464490
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Enrique G Fernández-Abascal , Rosario Cabello , Pablo Fernández-Berrocal , Simon Baron-Cohen (2013). Test-retest reliability of the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test: a one-year follow-up study . Molecular Autism, 4(1), 33. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-4-33 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2115827003
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Sandra Strunz , Constanze Schermuck , Sarah Ballerstein , Christoph J. Ahlers , Isabel Dziobek , Stefan Roepke (2017). Romantic Relationships and Relationship Satisfaction Among Adults With Asperger Syndrome and High‐Functioning Autism . Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(1), 113-125. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22319 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2396044715
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Inna Fishman , Christopher L. Keown , Alan J. Lincoln , Jaime A. Pineda , Ralph-Axel Müller (2014). Atypical Cross Talk Between Mentalizing and Mirror Neuron Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder . JAMA Psychiatry, 71(7), 751. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.83 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2137696270
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Karri Gillespie‐Smith , Carrie Ballantyne , Holly P. Branigan , David J. Turk , Sheila J. Cunningham (2018). The I in autism: Severity and social functioning in autism are related to self‐processing . British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 36(1), 127-141. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12219 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2767363930
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Lucy Anne Livingston , Emma Colvert , the Social Relationships Study Team , Patrick Bolton , Francesca Happé (2019). Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(1), 102-110. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12886 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2794780919
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Jie Sui , Minghui Liu , Carmel Mevorach , Glyn W. Humphreys (2015). The Salient Self: The Left Intraparietal Sulcus Responds to Social as Well as Perceptual-Salience After Self-Association . Cerebral Cortex, 25(4), 1060-1068. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht302 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2104898635
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. W. M. Kelley , C. N. Macrae , C. L. Wyland , S. Caglar , S. Inati , T. F. Heatherton (2002). Finding the Self? An Event-Related fMRI Study . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(5), 785-794. MIT Press - Journals.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1162/08989290260138672 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2110247644
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Jeffrey A. Hall (2011). Sex differences in friendship expectations: A meta-analysis . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28(6), 723-747. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0265407510386192 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2133672177
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Paul H. P. Hanel , Katia C. Vione (2016). Do Student Samples Provide an Accurate Estimate of the General Public? PLOS ONE, 11(12), e0168354. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168354 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2569236205
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Jie Sui , Pia Rotshtein , Glyn W. Humphreys (2013). Coupling social attention to the self forms a network for personal significance . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(19), 7607-7612. National Academy of Sciences.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221862110 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118670572
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. Hayes, A. F. (2017). An introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd Edn.). Guilford Press.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  56. Darren Hedley , Mirko Uljarević , Mathilda Wilmot , Amanda L. Richdale , Cheryl Dissanayake (2018). Understanding depression and thoughts of self-harm in autism: A potential mechanism involving loneliness . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 46, 1-7. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2017.11.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2768352759
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  57. Michael Lombardo , Simon Baron-Cohen (2010). Unraveling the paradox of the autistic self . WIREs Cognitive Science, 1(3), 393-403. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/wcs.45 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2131905869
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Jie Sui , Xiaosi Gu (2017). Self as Object: Emerging Trends in Self Research . Trends in Neurosciences, 40(11), 643-653. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.09.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2763346958
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Michael Lombardo , Bhismadev Chakrabarti , Edward T. Bullmore , Sally J. Wheelwright , Susan A. Sadek , John Suckling et al. (2010). Shared Neural Circuits for Mentalizing about the Self and Others . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(7), 1623-1635. MIT Press.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21287 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2132671591
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Dawn Hendricks (2010). Employment and adults with autism spectrum disorders: Challenges and strategies for success . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 32(2), 125-134. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3233/jvr-2010-0502 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2139103218
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Simon Baron-Cohen , S Wheelwright , J Hill , Y Raste , I Plumb (2001). The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. PubMed, 42(2), 241-51.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2134822928
    OpenAlex
  62. Chloe C. Hudson , Layla Hall , Kate L. Harkness (2019). Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-Analysis . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), 165-175. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0402-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2792899115
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Laura Hull , K. V. Petrides , Will Mandy (2021). Cognitive Predictors of Self‐Reported Camouflaging in Autistic Adolescents . Autism Research, 14(3), 523-532. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2407 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3091896474
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Meng-Chuan Lai , Péter Szatmári (2020). Sex and gender impacts on the behavioural presentation and recognition of autism . Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(2), 117-123. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000575 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2996084520
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. Daniel W. Russell (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure . Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2160788840
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. L Kanner (1943). Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250. Nervous child, 2(3), 217.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  67. Micah Mazurek (2014). Loneliness, friendship, and well-being in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Autism, 18(3), 223-232. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361312474121 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2161515436
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  68. Meng-Chuan Lai , Michael Lombardo , Bhismadev Chakrabarti , Amber Ruigrok , Edward T. Bullmore , John Suckling et al. (2019). Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with ‘compensatory camouflaging’ . Autism, 23(5), 1210-1223. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318807159 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2892828630
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  69. Lucy Anne Livingston , Bethany Carr , Punit Shah (2019). Recent Advances and New Directions in Measuring Theory of Mind in Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(4), 1738-1744. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3823-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2903376337
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  70. Eugenio Parise , Angela D. Friederici , Tricia Striano (2010). “Did You Call Me?” 5-Month-Old Infants Own Name Guides Their Attention . PLoS ONE, 5(12), e14208. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014208 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2165786395
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  71. L Kanner (1968). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Acta Paedopsychiatr, 35(4), 100.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2192638454
    OpenAlex
  72. Lauren P. Lawson (2019). Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Lifespan . Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 6(2), 57-66. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40474-019-00164-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2940398005
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  73. Robert D. Shura , Jared A. Rowland , Sarah L. Martindale , Timothy W. Brearly , Mariah B. Delahanty , Holly M. Miskey (2017). Evaluating the motor slowing hypothesis of depression . Psychiatry Research, 252, 188-195. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.074 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2582484434
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  74. Léo Kanner (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact . Nervous Child, 2(3), 217.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2255119171
    OpenAlex
  75. Sophie E. Lind , David M. Williams , Toby Nicholson , Catherine Grainger , Peter Carruthers (2020). The self-reference effect on memory is not diminished in autism: Three studies of incidental and explicit self-referential recognition memory in autistic and neurotypical adults and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(2), 224-236. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/abn0000467 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2971743916
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  76. Jie Sui , Erik Ohrling , Glyn W. Humphreys (2016). Negative mood disrupts self- and reward-biases in perceptual matching . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(7), 1438-1448. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1122069 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2302453375
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  77. Phil Reed , Ashleigh Giles , Martha Gavin , Neil Carter , Lisa A. Osborne (2016). Loneliness and Social Anxiety Mediate the Relationship between Autism Quotient and Quality of Life in University Students . Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 28(5), 723-733. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10882-016-9504-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2516246199
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  78. Rachel Loomes , Laura Hull , Will Mandy (2017). What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466-474. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2604697269
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  79. Jan Philipp Röer , Nelson Cowan (2021). A preregistered replication and extension of the cocktail party phenomenon: One’s name captures attention, unexpected words do not. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 47(2), 234-242. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000874 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3081185498
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  80. Zahra Moradi , Abdolrahman Najlerahim , C. Neil Macrae , Glyn W. Humphreys (2020). Attentional saliency and ingroup biases: From society to the brain . Social Neuroscience, 15(3), 324-333. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1716070 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2999114735
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  81. Kim Murray , Kate Johnston , Helen Cunnane , Charlotte Kerr , Debbie Spain , Nicola Gillan et al. (2017). A new test of advanced theory of mind: The “Strange Stories Film Task” captures social processing differences in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Autism Research, 10(6), 1120-1132. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1744 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2594086547
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  82. Brett A. Murphy , Scott O. Lilienfeld (2019). Are self-report cognitive empathy ratings valid proxies for cognitive empathy ability? Negligible meta-analytic relations with behavioral task performance. Psychological Assessment, 31(8), 1062-1072. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/pas0000732 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2946716301
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  83. Annabel D. Nijhof , Kimron L. Shapiro , Caroline Catmur , Geoffrey Bird (2020). No evidence for a common self-bias across cognitive domains . Cognition, 197, 104186. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104186 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2999860873
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  84. Jie Sui , Glyn W. Humphreys (2017). Aging enhances cognitive biases to friends but not the self . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(6), 2021-2030. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/s13423-017-1264-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2595861126
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  85. Annabel Dineke Nijhof , Geoffrey Bird (2019). Self‐processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder . Autism Research, 12(11), 1580-1584. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2200 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2969366946
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  86. David M. Williams , Toby Nicholson , Catherine Grainger (2018). The Self‐Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits . Autism Research, 11(2), 331-341. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1891 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2884367157
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  87. Lauren VanderBroek Stice , Justin A. Lavner (2019). Social Connectedness and Loneliness Mediate the Association Between Autistic Traits and Internalizing Symptoms Among Young Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 1096-1110. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3812-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2899675478
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  88. Joseph P. Stokes , Ira Levin (1986). Gender differences in predicting loneliness from social network characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 1069-1074. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.51.5.1069 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1999252565
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  89. Lucy A. Livingston (2018). Good Social Skills Despite Poor Theory of Mind: Exploring Compensation in Autism Spectrum Disorder . INSAR 2018 Annual Meeting.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2987997798
    OpenAlex