Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children

Dwyer, P., Williams, Z. J., Vukušić, S., Saron, C. D., & Rivera, S. M. (2023). Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children. Autism Research, 16(10), 1903-1923. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3022

Publication date: 9 Sep 2023 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 5 (40.0%)

Abstract

Abstract Prior studies suggest that habituation of sensory responses is reduced in autism and that diminished habituation could be related to atypical autistic sensory experiences, for example, by causing brain responses to aversive stimuli to remain strong over time instead of being suppressed. While many prior studies exploring habituation in autism have repeatedly presented identical stimuli, other studies suggest group differences can still be observed in habituation to intermittent stimuli. The present study explored habituation of electrophysiological responses to auditory complex tones of varying intensities (50–80 dB SPL), presented passively in an interleaved manner, in a well‐characterized sample of 127 autistic ( M DQ = 65.41, SD = 20.54) and 79 typically developing ( M DQ = 106.02, SD = 11.50) children between 2 and 5 years old. Habituation was quantified as changes in the amplitudes of single‐trial responses to tones of each intensity over the course of the experiment. Habituation of the auditory N2 response was substantially reduced in autistic participants as compared to typically developing controls, although diagnostic groups did not clearly differ in habituation of the P1 response. Interestingly, the P1 habituated less to loud 80 dB sounds than softer sounds, whereas the N2 habituated less to soft 50 dB sounds than louder sounds. No associations were found between electrophysiological habituation and cognitive ability or participants' caregiver‐reported sound tolerance (Sensory Profile Hyperacusis Index). The results present study results extend prior research suggesting habituation of certain sensory responses is reduced in autism; however, they also suggest that habituation differences observed using this study's paradigm might not be a primary driver of autistic participants' real‐world sound intolerance.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:30.

Cited references
138
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
12 / 138 (8.7%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
15 / 687 (2.2%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 15 / 157 (9.6%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 5 / 571 (0.9%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
157 / 687 (22.9%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 85 / 571 (14.9%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
142 / 157 (90.4%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 142 / 687 (20.7%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 80 / 85 (94.1%).
5 cited bibliography entries could not be fully enriched from DOI metadata.
Crossref: not found (3) · DataCite: not found (2)
  1. Lauren M. Little , Karla Ausderau , John Sideris , Grace T. Baranek (2015). Activity Participation and Sensory Features Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(9), 2981-2990. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  2. David G. Amaral , Deana Li , Lauren Libero , Marjorie Solomon , Judy Van de Water , Ann Mastergeorge et al. (2017). In pursuit of neurophenotypes: The consequences of having autism and a big brain . Autism Research, 10(5), 711-722. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1755 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2593615578
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Marta Font-Alaminos , Miriam Cornella , Jordi Costa-Faidella , Amaia Hervás , Sumie Leung , Isabel Rueda et al. (2020). Increased subcortical neural responses to repeating auditory stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder . Biological Psychology, 149, 107807. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Luck, Steven J. 1963- , Kappenman, Emily S. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components . Oxford University Press.
    OpenAlex
  5. Dima Amso , Sara Haas , Elena J. Tenenbaum , Julie Markant , Stephen J. Sheinkopf (2014). Bottom-Up Attention Orienting in Young Children with Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 664-673. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Lisa D. Sanders , Courtney Stevens , Donna Coch , Helen J. Neville (2006). Selective auditory attention in 3- to 5-year-old children: An event-related potential study . Neuropsychologia, 44(11), 2126-2138. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Grace T. Baranek (1999). Autism During Infancy: A Retrospective Video Analysis of Sensory-Motor and Social Behaviors at 9–12 Months of Age . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(3), 213-224. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Nikitas Angeletos Chrysaitis , Peggy Seriès (2023). 10 years of Bayesian theories of autism: A comprehensive review . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 145, 105022. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Terje Falck-Ytter , Sven Bölte , Gustaf Gredebäck (2013). Eye tracking in early autism research . Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5(1), 28-28. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Stephen J. Luck (2005). An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique .
    Type: Book OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1536620489
    OpenAlex
  11. Catherine Lord , Michael Rutter , Ann Le Couteur (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(5), 659-685. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. J. L. R. Rubenstein , M. M. Merzenich (2003). Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems . Genes, Brain and Behavior, 2(5), 255-267. Wiley.
    OpenAlex
  13. Grace T. Baranek , Tiffany G. Woynaroski , Sallie W. Nowell , Lauren Turner-Brown , Michaela DuBay , Elizabeth R. Crais et al. (2018). Cascading effects of attention disengagement and sensory seeking on social symptoms in a community sample of infants at-risk for a future diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 29, 30-40. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Katherine Gotham , Andrew Pickles , Catherine Lord (2009). Standardizing ADOS Scores for a Measure of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(5), 693-705. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Elizabeth Sharer , Deana Crocetti , John Muschelli , Anita D. Barber , Mary Beth Nebel , Brian S. Caffo et al. (2015). Neural Correlates of Visuomotor Learning in Autism . Journal of Child Neurology, 30(14), 1877-1886. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Alison N. Beers , Melanie McBoyle , Emily Kakande , Rachelle C. Dar Santos , Frederick K. Kozak (2014). Autism and peripheral hearing loss: A systematic review . International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 78(1), 96-101. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Elizabeth Pellicano , David Burr (2012). When the world becomes ‘too real’: a Bayesian explanation of autistic perception . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(10), 504-510. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Ali A. Danesh , Dustin Lang , Wafaa Kaf , William D. Andreassen , Jack Scott , Adrien A. Eshraghi (2015). Tinnitus and hyperacusis in autism spectrum disorders with emphasis on high functioning individuals diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome . International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 79(10), 1683-1688. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Ben Belek (2019). Articulating Sensory Sensitivity: From Bodies with Autism to Autistic Bodies . Medical Anthropology, 38(1), 30-43. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Francisco J. Ruiz-Martínez , Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez , C. Ellie Wilson , Shu Yau , David Saldaña , Carlos M. Gómez (2020). Impaired P1 Habituation and Mismatch Negativity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(2), 603-616. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Ashley Robertson , David R Simmons (2015). The Sensory Experiences of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis . Perception, 44(5), 569-586. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1068/p7833 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1857670991
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. A. Belouchrani , K. Abed-Meraim , J.-F. Cardoso , E. Moulines (1997). A blind source separation technique using second-order statistics . IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 45(2), 434-444. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Weerasak Chonchaiya , Prapasri Nuntnarumit , Chandhita Pruksananonda (2011). Comparison of television viewing between children with autism spectrum disorder and controls . Acta Paediatrica, 100(7), 1033-1037. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. R. Darrell Bock , Robert J. Mislevy (1982). Adaptive EAP Estimation of Ability in a Microcomputer Environment . Applied Psychological Measurement, 6(4), 431-444. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Rosanna De Meo‐Monteil , Christine Wu Nordahl , David G. Amaral , Sally J. Rogers , Sevan K. Harootonian , Joshua Martin et al. (2019). Differential Altered Auditory Event‐Related Potential Responses in Young Boys on the Autism Spectrum With and Without Disproportionate Megalencephaly . Autism Research, 12(8), 1236-1250. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2137 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2948747977
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Norman Cliff (1993). Dominance statistics: Ordinal analyses to answer ordinal questions. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 494-509. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Denis Brunet , Micah M. Murray , Christoph M. Michel (2011). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Multichannel EEG: CARTOOL . Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2011, 1-15. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Paul-Christian Bürkner (2017). brms: An R Package for Bayesian Multilevel Models Using Stan . Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 1. Foundation for Open Access Statistic.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Valerie L. Shafer , Yan H. Yu , Monica Wagner (2015). Maturation of cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) to speech recorded from frontocentral and temporal sites: Three months to eight years of age . International Journal of Psychophysiology, 95(2), 77-93. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Simon M. Bury , Rachel Jellett , Jennifer R. Spoor , Darren Hedley (2023). “It Defines Who I Am” or “It’s Something I Have”: What Language Do [Autistic] Australian Adults [on the Autism Spectrum] Prefer? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 677-687. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Christine Wu Nordahl , Nicholas Lange , Deana D. Li , Lou Ann Barnett , Aaron Lee , Michael H. Buonocore et al. (2011). Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(50), 20195-20200. National Academy of Sciences.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Jonathan Cannon , Emelie Eldracher , Annie Cardinaux , Fatima Irfan , Lindsay Bungert , Cindy Li et al. (2023). Rhythmic and interval‐based temporal orienting in autism . Autism Research, 16(4), 772-782. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2892 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4315754122
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Curtis Ponton , Jos J Eggermont , Deepak Khosla , Betty Kwong , Manuel Don (2002). Maturation of human central auditory system activity: separating auditory evoked potentials by dipole source modeling . Clinical Neurophysiology, 113(3), 407-420. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Jonathan Cannon , Amanda M. O'Brien , Lindsay Bungert , Pawan Sinha (2021). Prediction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence . Autism Research, 14(4), 604-630. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2482 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3127385572
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Dominique Makowski , Mattan Ben-Shachar , Indrajeet Patil , Daniel Lüdecke (2020). Methods and Algorithms for Correlation Analysis in R . Journal of Open Source Software, 5(51), 2306. The Open Journal.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Akaysha C. Tang , Matthew T. Sutherland , Christopher J. McKinney (2005). Validation of SOBI components from high-density EEG . NeuroImage, 25(2), 539-553. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. R. Čeponien≐ , T. Lepistö , P. Alku , H. Aro , R. Näätänen (2003). Event-related potential indices of auditory vowel processing in 3-year-old children . Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(4), 652-661. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Michael W. Eysenck , Nazanin Derakshan , Rita Santos , Manuel G. Calvo (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336-353. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Shulamite A. Green , Ayelet Ben-Sasson , Timothy W. Soto , Alice S. Carter (2012). Anxiety and Sensory Over-Responsivity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Bidirectional Effects Across Time . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(6), 1112-1119. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Melissa Chapple , Sophie Williams , Josie Billington , Philip Davis , Rhiannon Corcoran (2021). An analysis of the reading habits of autistic adults compared to neurotypical adults and implications for future interventions . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 115, 104003. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Arnaud Delorme , Makoto Miyakoshi , Tzyy-Ping Jung , Scott Makeig (2015). Grand average ERP-image plotting and statistics: A method for comparing variability in event-related single-trial EEG activities across subjects and conditions . Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 250, 3-6. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Franc C. L. Donkers , Sarah E. Schipul , Grace T. Baranek , Katherine M. Cleary , Michael T. Willoughby , Anna M. Evans et al. (2015). Attenuated Auditory Event-Related Potentials and Associations with Atypical Sensory Response Patterns in Children with Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(2), 506-523. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Robert W. Thatcher (2012). Coherence, Phase Differences, Phase Shift, and Phase Lock in EEG/ERP Analyses . Developmental Neuropsychology, 37(6), 476-496. Informa UK Limited.
    OpenAlex
  44. Rachel Millin , Tamar Kolodny , Anastasia V Flevaris , Alexander M Kale , Michael-Paul Schallmo , Jennifer Gerdts et al. (2018). Reduced auditory cortical adaptation in autism spectrum disorder . eLife, 7. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. J. Martineau , S. Roux , B. Garreau , J.L. Adrien , G. Lelord (1992). Unimodal and crossmodal reactivity in autism: Presence of auditory evoked responses and effect of the repetition of auditory stimuli . Biological Psychiatry, 31(12), 1190-1203. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Fúlvia Eduarda da Silva , Tanit Ganz Sanchez (2019). Evaluation of selective attention in patients with misophonia . Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 85(3), 303-309. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Junko Matsuzaki , Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono , Hisato Sugata , Masayuki Hirata , Ryuzo Hanaie , Fumiyo Nagatani et al. (2014). Progressively Increased M50 Responses to Repeated Sounds in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Auditory Hypersensitivity: A Magnetoencephalographic Study . PLoS ONE, 9(7), e102599. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. F. Perrin , J. Pernier , O. Bertrand , J.F. Echallier (1989). Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 72(2), 184-187. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Cara R. Damiano-Goodwin , Tiffany G. Woynaroski , David M. Simon , Lisa V. Ibañez , Michael Murias , Anne V. Kirby et al. (2018). Developmental sequelae and neurophysiologic substrates of sensory seeking in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 29, 41-53. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Courtney Stevens , David Paulsen , Alia Yasen , Helen Neville (2015). Atypical auditory refractory periods in children from lower socio-economic status backgrounds: ERP evidence for a role of selective attention . International Journal of Psychophysiology, 95(2), 156-166. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Elena V. Orekhova , Tatiana A. Stroganova , Andrey O. Prokofyev , Gudrun Nygren , Cristopher Gillberg , Mikael Elam (2008). Sensory gating in young children with autism: Relation to age, IQ, and EEG gamma oscillations . Neuroscience Letters, 434(2), 218-223. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Troy A. McDiarmid , Manuel Belmadani , Joseph Liang , Fabian Meili , Eleanor A. Mathews , Gregory P. Mullen et al. (2020). Systematic phenomics analysis of autism-associated genes reveals parallel networks underlying reversible impairments in habituation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(1), 656-667. National Academy of Sciences.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Sharon Bradley‐Johnson (1997). Mullen Scales of Early Learning . Psychology in the Schools, 34(4), 379-382.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6807(199710)34:4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2037716870 Crossref: not found DataCite: not found
    OpenAlex
  54. Carly Demopoulos , Jeffrey David Lewine (2016). Audiometric Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Does Subclinical Hearing Loss Impact Communication? Autism Research, 9(1), 107-120. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1495 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2120557209
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. A. Palermo , G. Giglia , S. Vigneri , G. Cosentino , B. Fierro , F. Brighina (2011). Does habituation depend on cortical inhibition? Results of a rTMS study in healthy subjects . Experimental Brain Research, 212(1), 101-107. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Tatiana A. Stroganova , Vladimir V. Kozunov , Irina N. Posikera , Ilia A. Galuta , Vitaliy V. Gratchev , Elena V. Orekhova (2013). Abnormal Pre-Attentive Arousal in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Contributes to Their Atypical Auditory Behavior: An ERP Study . PLoS ONE, 8(7), e69100. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  57. Lori‐Ann R. Sacrey , Vickie L. Armstrong , Susan E. Bryson , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum (2014). Impairments to visual disengagement in autism spectrum disorder: A review of experimental studies from infancy to adulthood . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 559-577. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Isabelle Verhulst , Keren MacLennan , Anthony Haffey , Teresa Tavassoli (2022). The Perceived Causal Relations Between Sensory Reactivity Differences and Anxiety Symptoms in Autistic Adults . Autism in Adulthood, 4(3), 183-192. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Sven Bölte , Sabine Schlitt , Volker Gapp , Daniela Hainz , Shella Schirman , Fritz Poustka et al. (2012). A Close Eye on the Eagle-Eyed Visual Acuity Hypothesis of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(5), 726-733. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    OpenAlex
  60. Alexander Ly , Josine Verhagen , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers (2016). Harold Jeffreys’s default Bayes factor hypothesis tests: Explanation, extension, and application in psychology . Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 72, 19-32. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Jessica M. Keith , Jeremy P. Jamieson , Loisa Bennetto (2019). The Importance of Adolescent Self-Report in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Integration of Questionnaire and Autonomic Measures . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(4), 741-754. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  62. L E Ethridge , S P White , M W Mosconi , Julia Wang , M J Byerly , J A Sweeney (2016). Reduced habituation of auditory evoked potentials indicate cortical hyper-excitability in Fragile X Syndrome . Translational Psychiatry, 6(4), e787-e787. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Zachary J. Williams *Autistic author. Learn more… (2021). Short Sensory Profile in Autism . In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp. 4345-4351). Springer International Publishing.
    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Orna Tzischinsky , Gal Meiri , Liora Manelis , Asif Bar-Sinai , Hagit Flusser , Analya Michaelovski et al. (2018). Sleep disturbances are associated with specific sensory sensitivities in children with autism . Molecular Autism, 9(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. Connor M. Kerns , Philip C. Kendall , Leandra Berry , Margaret C. Souders , Martin E. Franklin , Robert T. Schultz et al. (2014). Traditional and Atypical Presentations of Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2851-2861. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. Tapan K. Gandhi , Kleovoulos Tsourides , Nidhi Singhal , Annie Cardinaux , Wasifa Jamal , Dimitrios Pantazis et al. (2021). Autonomic and Electrophysiological Evidence for Reduced Auditory Habituation in Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(7), 2218-2228. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  67. Elizabeth A. McCullagh , Sarah E. Rotschafer , Benjamin D. Auerbach , Achim Klug , Leonard K. Kaczmarek , Karina S. Cramer et al. (2020). Mechanisms underlying auditory processing deficits in Fragile X syndrome . The FASEB Journal, 34(3), 3501-3518. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  68. Morton Ann Gernsbacher (2017). Editorial Perspective: The use of person‐first language in scholarly writing may accentuate stigma . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(7), 859-861. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  69. Qiyun Huang , Hester Velthuis , Andreia C. Pereira , Jumana Ahmad , Samuel F. Cooke , Claire L. Ellis et al. (2023). GABAergic regulation of auditory repetition suppression in adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder . medRxiv. openRxiv.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  70. Stéphanie Khalfa , Nicole Bruneau , Bernadette Rogé , Nicolas Georgieff , Evelyne Veuillet , Jean-Louis Adrien et al. (2004). Increased perception of loudness in autism . Hearing Research, 198(1-2), 87-92. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  71. Sophie Schwartz , Le Wang , Barbara G. Shinn‐Cunningham , Helen Tager‐Flusberg (2020). Atypical Perception of Sounds in Minimally and Low Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism as Revealed by Behavioral and Neural Measures . Autism Research, 13(10), 1718-1729. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2363 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3082175667
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  72. Jeanne A. Guiraud , Elena Kushnerenko , Przemyslaw Tomalski , Kim Davies , Helena Ribeiro , Mark H. Johnson (2011). Differential habituation to repeated sounds in infants at high risk for autism . NeuroReport, 22(16), 845-849. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  73. Grandin T. (2014). The autistic brain: Helping different kinds of minds succeed . The autistic brain: Helping different kinds of minds succeed.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  74. Pawan Sinha , Margaret M. Kjelgaard , Tapan K. Gandhi , Kleovoulos Tsourides , Annie L. Cardinaux , Dimitrios Pantazis et al. (2014). Autism as a disorder of prediction . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(42), 15220-15225. National Academy of Sciences.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  75. Shulamite A. Green , Leanna Hernandez , Katherine E. Lawrence , Janelle Liu , Tawny Tsang , Jillian Yeargin et al. (2019). Distinct Patterns of Neural Habituation and Generalization in Children and Adolescents With Autism With Low and High Sensory Overresponsivity . American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(12), 1010-1020. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  76. Christina M. Karns , Elif Isbell , Ryan J. Giuliano , Helen J. Neville (2015). Auditory attention in childhood and adolescence: An event-related potential study of spatial selective attention to one of two simultaneous stories . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 53-67. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  77. Shulamite A. Green , Leanna M. Hernandez , Hilary C. Bowman , Susan Y. Bookheimer , Mirella Dapretto (2018). Sensory over-responsivity and social cognition in ASD: Effects of aversive sensory stimuli and attentional modulation on neural responses to social cues . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 29, 127-139. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  78. Ning Qian , Richard M. Lipkin (2011). A Learning-Style Theory for Understanding Autistic Behaviors . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 77-77. Frontiers Media SA.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  79. Sander Van de Cruys , Kris Evers , Ruth Van der Hallen , Lien Van Eylen , Bart Boets , Lee de-Wit et al. (2014). Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism. Psychological Review, 121(4), 649-675. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0037665 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2098533845
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  80. Ling-Yi Lin , Pai-Chuan Huang (2019). Quality of life and its related factors for adults with autism spectrum disorder . Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(8), 896-903. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  81. Rebecca P. Lawson , Geraint Rees , Karl J. Friston (2014). An aberrant precision account of autism . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 302-302. Frontiers Media SA.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  82. Andrew T. Halim , Amanda L. Richdale , Mirko Uljarević (2018). Exploring the nature of anxiety in young adults on the autism spectrum: A qualitative study . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 55, 25-37. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  83. Elliot Millington , Lauren Brown , Holly McMahon , Ashley Robertson , David Simmons (2021). Children’s Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (C-GSQ): Validation of a Simplified and Visually Aided Questionnaire . PsyArXiv. Center for Open Science.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  84. Ulf Rosenhall , Viviann Nordin , Mikael Sandström , Gunilla Ahlsén , Christopher Gillberg (1999). Autism and Hearing Loss . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(5), 349-357. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  85. Caitlin M. Hudac , Trent D. DesChamps , Anne B. Arnett , Brianna E. Cairney , Ruqian Ma , Sara Jane Webb et al. (2018). Early enhanced processing and delayed habituation to deviance sounds in autism spectrum disorder . Brain and Cognition, 123, 110-119. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  86. Helen McConachie , Colin Wilson , David Mason , Deborah Garland , Jeremy R. Parr , Alexia Rattazzi et al. (2020). What Is Important in Measuring Quality of Life? Reflections by Autistic Adults in Four Countries . Autism in Adulthood, 2(1), 4-12. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  87. Javier Lopez-Calderon , Steven J. Luck (2014). ERPLAB: an open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 213-213. Frontiers Media SA.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  88. Noor Ismael , Lisa Mische Lawson , Julie Hartwell (2018). Relationship Between Sensory Processing and Participation in Daily Occupations for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Studies That Used Dunn’s Sensory Processing Framework . The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(3), 7203205030p1-7203205030p9. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  89. Wasifa Jamal , Annie Cardinaux , Amanda J. Haskins , Margaret Kjelgaard , Pawan Sinha (2021). Reduced Sensory Habituation in Autism and Its Correlation with Behavioral Measures . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(9), 3153-3164. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  90. Debra S. Karhson , Edward J. Golob (2016). Atypical sensory reactivity influences auditory attentional control in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Autism Research, 9(10), 1079-1092. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1593 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2260887102
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  91. Manish Saggar , Brandon G. King , Anthony P. Zanesco , Katherine A. MacLean , Stephen R. Aichele , Tonya L. Jacobs et al. (2012). Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 256-256. Frontiers Media SA.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  92. Robert Oostenveld , Pascal Fries , Eric Maris , Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen (2011). FieldTrip: Open Source Software for Advanced Analysis of MEG, EEG, and Invasive Electrophysiological Data . Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2011, 1-9. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  93. Michael A. Kisley , Tara L. Noecker , Paul M. Guinther (2004). Comparison of sensory gating to mismatch negativity and self‐reported perceptual phenomena in healthy adults . Psychophysiology, 41(4), 604-612. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  94. Brandon Keehn , Girija Kadlaskar , Rebecca McNally Keehn , Alexander L. Francis (2019). Auditory Attentional Disengagement in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(10), 3999-4008. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  95. Brandon Keehn , Marissa Westerfield , Jeanne Townsend (2019). Brief Report: Cross-Modal Capture: Preliminary Evidence of Inefficient Filtering in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(1), 385-390. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  96. Brandon Keehn , Aarti Nair , Alan J. Lincoln , Jeanne Townsend , Ralph-Axel Müller (2016). Under-reactive but easily distracted: An fMRI investigation of attentional capture in autism spectrum disorder . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 46-56. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  97. Catherine Lord , Susan Risi , Linda Lambrecht , Edwin H. Cook , Bennett L. Leventhal , Pamela C. DiLavore et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Generic: A Standard Measure of Social and Communication Deficits Associated with the Spectrum of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  98. Lorcan Kenny , Caroline Hattersley , Bonnie Molins , Carole Buckley , Carol Povey , Elizabeth Pellicano (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community . Autism, 20(4), 442-462. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  99. Anna Kolesnik , Jannath Begum Ali , Teodora Gliga , Jeanne Guiraud , Tony Charman , Mark H. Johnson et al. (2019). Increased cortical reactivity to repeated tones at 8 months in infants with later ASD . Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 46. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  100. Boon Yen Lau , Ruth Leong , Mirko Uljarević , Jian Wei Lerh , Jacqui Rodgers , Matthew J Hollocks et al. (2020). Anxiety in young people with autism spectrum disorder: Common and autism-related anxiety experiences and their associations with individual characteristics . Autism, 24(5), 1111-1126. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  101. Rebecca P. Lawson , Jessica Aylward , Sarah White , Geraint Rees (2015). A striking reduction of simple loudness adaptation in autism . Scientific Reports, 5(1), 16157-16157. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  102. Aki Vehtari , Andrew Gelman , Jonah Gabry (2017). Practical Bayesian model evaluation using leave-one-out cross-validation and WAIC . Statistics and Computing, 27(5), 1413-1432. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  103. Lenth R. V. Bolker B. Buerkner P. Giné‐Vázquez I. Herve M. Jung M. Love J. Miguez F. Riebl H. &Singmann H. (2021). Package ‘emmeans’. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/emmeans/emmeans.pdf
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  104. Lauren E. Libero , Christine Wu Nordahl , Deana D. Li , Emilio Ferrer , Sally J. Rogers , David G. Amaral (2016). Persistence of megalencephaly in a subgroup of young boys with autism spectrum disorder . Autism Research, 9(11), 1169-1182. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1643 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2496298148
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  105. Louise Neil , Nora Choque Olsson , Elizabeth Pellicano (2016). The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Sensory Sensitivities, and Anxiety in Autistic and Typically Developing Children . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 1962-1973. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    OpenAlex
  106. Anja Stiller , Thomas Mößle (2018). Media Use Among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 5(3), 227-246. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  107. Shikshya Shrestha , Steven M. Offer (2016). Epigenetic Regulations of GABAergic Neurotransmission: Relevance for Neurological Disorders and Epigenetic Therapy . Medical Epigenetics, 4(1), 1-19. S. Karger AG.
    OpenAlex
  108. Stefan Scheydt , Maria Müller Staub , Fritz Frauenfelder , Gunnar H. Nielsen , Johann Behrens , Ian Needham (2017). Sensory overload: A concept analysis . International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26(2), 110-120. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  109. Luck S. J. (2014). An introduction to the event-related potential technique . An introduction to the event‐related potential technique.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  110. Rebecca P. Lawson , Jessica Aylward , Jonathan P. Roiser , Geraint Rees (2018). Adaptation of social and non-social cues to direction in adults with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical adults with autistic traits . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 29, 108-116. Elsevier BV.
    OpenAlex
  111. Manish Saggar , Brandon King , Anthony Paul Zanesco , Katherine A. MacLean , Stephen R. Aichele , Tonya L. Jacobs et al. (2019). Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity . Center for Open Science.
    OpenCitations
  112. Matthew McGill , Caroline Kremer , Kamryn Stecyk , Kameron Clayton , Desislava Skerleva , Kenneth Hancock et al. (2023). Cortical contributions to the perception of loudness and hyperacusis . bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). openRxiv.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  113. McIntosh D. N. (1999). Sensory profile: User's manual . Sensory profile: User's manual, 59.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  114. Oren Miron , Rafael E. Delgado , Christine F. Delgado , Elizabeth A. Simpson , Kun‐Hsing Yu , Anibal Gutierrez et al. (2021). Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Autism Research, 14(1), 46-52. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2422 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3096769603
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  115. Morey R. D. Rouder J. N. Jamil T. Urbankek S. Forner K. &Ly A. (2021). Package ‘BayesFactor.’ R Package Version 0. 9. 12‐4. 3. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BayesFactor/index.html
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  116. Mullen E. M. (1995). Mullen scales of early learning . Mullen Scales of Early Learning.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  117. Nisha Narvekar , Virginia Carter Leno , Greg Pasco , Mark H Johnson , Emily J.H. Jones , Tony Charman (2022). A prospective study of associations between early fearfulness and perceptual sensitivity and later restricted and repetitive behaviours in infants with typical and elevated likelihood of autism . Autism, 26(8), 1947-1958. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  118. Rebecca P Lawson , Geraint Rees , Karl J Friston (2014). An aberrant precision account of autism. Frontiers.
    Type: Other DOI: 10.17863/cam.33455 Crossref: not found
    OpenCitations
  119. Jona Sassenhagen , Dejan Draschkow (2019). Cluster‐based permutation tests of MEG/EEG data do not establish significance of effect latency or location . Psychophysiology, 56(6), e13335-e13335. Wiley.
    OpenAlex
  120. Vikaas S. Sohal , John L. R. Rubenstein (2019). Excitation-inhibition balance as a framework for investigating mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders . Molecular Psychiatry, 24(9), 1248-1257. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  121. Elena Serena Piccardi , Jannath Begum Ali , Emily J.H. Jones , Luke Mason , Tony Charman , Mark H. Johnson et al. (2021). Behavioural and neural markers of tactile sensory processing in infants at elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 13(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  122. Polich J. (2011). The Oxford handbook of event‐related potential components . The Oxford handbook of event‐related potential components, 160.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  123. JLR Rubenstein (2003). e_1_2_11_99_1 Brain.
    Type: Other DOI: 10.1046/j.1601-183x.2003.00037.x Crossref: not found DataCite: not found
    Crossref
  124. Courtney E. Venker , Janine Mathée , Dominik Neumann , Jan Edwards , Jenny Saffran , Susan Ellis Weismer (2021). Competing Perceptual Salience in a Visual Word Recognition Task Differentially Affects Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder . Autism Research, 14(6), 1147-1162. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2457 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3113459513
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  125. J. Simner , S. Koursarou , L.J. Rinaldi , J. Ward (2021). Attention, flexibility, and imagery in misophonia: Does attention exacerbate everyday disliking of sound? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 43(10), 1006-1017. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  126. Vehtari A. Gabry J. Magnusson M. Yao Y. Bürkner P. Paananen T. &Gelman A. (2023).loo: Efficient leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and WAIC for Bayesian models. R package version 2. 6. 0. https://mc-stan.org/loo/
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  127. Williams Z. J. Feldman J. I. Dunham K. Suzman E. Liu Y. Davis S. L. &Woynaroski T. G. (2020). The measurement and clinical correlates of decreased sound tolerance (hyperacusis) in autism spectrum disorder. Poster Presentation Accepted by the Gatlinburg Conference; Cancelled Due to COVID‐19.
    Type: Other
    Crossref