Cerebellar Crus I and Crus II Structure and Excitation/Inhibition Balance in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Hegarty, J. P., Komaki, H., Gu, M., Young, K., Ogbonnaya, N., Spielman, D. M., & Hardan, A. Y. (2026). Cerebellar Crus I and Crus II Structure and Excitation/Inhibition Balance in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-026-07529-4

Publication date: 8 Oct 2026 Added to AutiHub: 10 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)
  1. John P. Hegarty *
  2. Hamidreza Komaki
  3. Meng Gu
  4. Kurtis Young
  1. Nneoma Ogbonnaya
  2. Daniel M. Spielman
  3. Antonio Y. Hardan

Abstract

PURPOSE: Cerebro-cerebellar network dynamics are highly implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly the posterolateral cerebellar hemispheres. Cellular alterations in the cerebellum are also consistently reported in post-mortem research, suggesting potential impacts on the balance between excitatory glutamatergic (Glu) and inhibitory GABAergic signaling (E/I). Emerging evidence further indicates that the cerebellum supports multiple cognitive and behavioral domains associated with the diagnostic criteria for ASD. METHODS: The current study collected structural T1-weighted MRI and novel 1H MR spectroscopy data (MEGA-SPECIAL) to examine neurometabolites of Glu and GABA from the cerebellar hemispheres of autistic (n=13) and neurotypical children (n =16). We also explored preliminary comparisons with autistic adolescents (n=7) and assessed relationships for social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing differences. RESULTS: Crus I and II were significantly thinner in autistic children compared to neurotypical children. While there were no significant group differences in the subset of participants with quality neurometabolite measurements, p > 0.05, there were salient relationships between E/I, cerebellar structure, and core ASD domains. Thinner Crus I grey matter and smaller Crus II volume were correlated with higher E/I, especially for Glu in left Crus I and right Crus II. Morphometric properties and E/I were also associated with self-injurious and other restricted and repetitive behaviors. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary findings are limited by the small sample size but suggest a potential relationship between cerebellar structure, the balance of excitation-inhibition in cerebro-cerebellar networks, and the core domains of autism spectrum disorder.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 17 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
60
With a DOI
54
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
6
3 / 60 (5.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 60 (3.3%)
References with detected author names
59 / 60 (98.3%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
6
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
393
From DOI or external metadata
393
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
1
77 / 393 (19.6%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 316 / 393 (80.4%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
3 / 393 (0.8%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 3 / 77 (3.9%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 354 (0.3%).
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