Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain measures in twins with autism spectrum disorder

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Hegarty, J. P., Pegoraro, L. F. L., Lazzeroni, L. C., Raman, M. M., Hallmayer, J. F., Monterrey, J. C., Cleveland, S. C., Wolke, O. N., Phillips, J. M., Reiss, A. L., & Hardan, A. Y. (2019). Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain measures in twins with autism spectrum disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 25(10), 2556-2566. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0330-z

Publication date: 18 Jan 2019 Added to AutiHub: 5 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
11
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 11 (9.1%)
  1. John P. Hegarty *
  2. Luiz F L Pegoraro
  3. Laura C. Lazzeroni
  4. Mira M. Raman
  1. Joachim F. Hallmayer
  2. Julio C Monterrey
  3. Sue C. Cleveland
  4. Olga N. Wolke
  1. Jennifer M. Phillips
  2. Allan L. Reiss
  3. Antonio Y. Hardan

Abstract

Abstract Atypical growth patterns of the brain have been previously reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but these alterations are heterogeneous across individuals, which may be associated with the variable effects of genetic and environmental influences on brain development. Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs with and without ASD (aged 6–15 years) were recruited to participate in this study. T1-weighted MRIs (n = 164) were processed with FreeSurfer to evaluate structural brain measures. Intra-class correlations were examined within twin pairs and compared across diagnostic groups. ACE modeling was also completed. Structural brain measures, including cerebral and cerebellar gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume, surface area, and cortical thickness, were primarily influenced by genetic factors in TD twins; however, mean curvature appeared to be primarily influenced by environmental factors. Similarly, genetic factors accounted for the majority of variation in brain size in twins with ASD, potentially to a larger extent regarding curvature and subcortical GM; however, there were also more environmental contributions in twins with ASD on some structural brain measures, such that cortical thickness and cerebellar WM volume were primarily influenced by environmental factors. These findings indicate potential neurobiological outcomes of the genetic and environmental risk factors that have been previously associated with ASD and, although preliminary, may help account for some of the previously outlined neurobiological heterogeneity across affected individuals. This is especially relevant regarding the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of ASD, in which certain brain structures may be more sensitive to specific influences.

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Cited references
83
With a DOI
72
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
11
1 / 83 (1.2%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
10 / 83 (12.0%)
References with detected author names
75 / 83 (90.4%)
Without detected author names
8
Without a structured title
10
Without a stable identifier
11
References with raw author names still to review
8
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
472
From DOI or external metadata
472
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
14
66 / 472 (14.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 406 / 472 (86.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
1 / 472 (0.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 1 / 66 (1.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 398 (0.3%).
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