Visualizing sex differences in school aged youth on the ADOS-2 using a latent space item response model

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref BibTeX
Learn more about the sources used

Tien, I. S., Luo, J., Huang, Y., & Jeon, M. (2026). Visualizing sex differences in school aged youth on the ADOS-2 using a latent space item response model. Research in Autism, 136, Article 202948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202948

Publication date: 9 Jun 2026 Added to AutiHub: 2 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Ingrid S. Tien *
  2. Jevan Luo
  3. Yingshi Huang
  4. Minjeong Jeon

Abstract

No structured abstract stored for this reference.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 28 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
54
With a DOI
50
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
4
4 / 54 (7.4%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 54 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
54 / 54 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
4
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
360
From DOI or external metadata
360
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
123 / 360 (34.2%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 237 / 360 (65.8%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
4 / 360 (1.1%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 4 / 123 (3.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 3 / 312 (1.0%).
  1. Alycia Halladay , Somer Bishop , John N Constantino , Amy M Daniels , Katheen Koenig , Kate Palmer et al. (2015). Sex and gender differences in autism spectrum disorder: summarizing evidence gaps and identifying emerging areas of priority . Molecular Autism, 6(1), 36. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0019-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1527893382
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Asperger (1944). 'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood (U. Frith, Trans.) .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  3. Tasha M. Oswald , Mary Ann Winter-Messiers , Brandon Gibson , Alexandra M. Schmidt , Cynthia M. Herr , Marjorie Solomon (2016). Sex Differences in Internalizing Problems During Adolescence in Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(2), 624-636. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2608-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1874090168
    Crossref OpenAlex
  4. Gillian Baird , Emily Simonoff , Andrew Pickles , Susie Chandler , Tom Loucas , David Meldrum et al. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) . The Lancet, 368(9531), 210. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69041-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2151524361
    Crossref OpenAlex
  5. William Mandy , Rebecca Chilvers , Uttom Chowdhury , Gemma Salter , Anna Seigal , David Skuse (2012). Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from a Large Sample of Children and Adolescents . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(7), 1304-1313. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1356-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2011286893
    Crossref OpenAlex
  6. William J. Barbaresi , Slavica K. Katusic , Robert C. Colligan , Amy L. Weaver , Steven J. Jacobsen (2005). The incidence of autism in Olmsted county, Minnesota, 1976-1997: Results from a population-based study . Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(1), 37. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.159.1.37 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2045110344
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Catherine Lord , Rhiannon Luyster , Whitney Guthrie , Andrew Pickles (2012). Patterns of developmental trajectories in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(3), 477. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0027214 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2022069611
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Gayle C. Windham , Meredith Anderson , Lisa A. Croen , Karen S. Smith , John Collins , Judith K. Grether (2011). Birth prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the San Francisco Bay Area by demographic and ascertainment source characteristics . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(10), 1362. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1160-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2032545730
    Crossref OpenAlex
  10. Greta Bauer , Siobhan M. Churchill , Mayuri Mahendran , Chantel Walwyn , Daniel Lizotte , Alma Angelica Villa-Rueda (2021). Intersectionality in quantitative research: A systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods . SSM - Population Health, 14, 100798. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100798 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3155877377
    Crossref OpenAlex
  11. J. C. Gower (1975). Generalized procrustes analysis . Psychometrika, 40(1), 33. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/bf02291478 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2032618685
    Crossref OpenAlex
  12. Jacquelyn Bertrand , Audrey Mars , Coleen Boyle , Frank Bove , Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp , Pierre Decoufle (2001). Prevalence of autism in a United States population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation . Pediatrics, 108(5), 1155. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2056354384
    Crossref OpenAlex
  13. Somer Bishop , Vanessa Bal , Amie Duncan , Marisela Huerta , Katherine Gotham , Andrew Pickles et al. (2013). Subcategories of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(6), 1287. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1671-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2081608758
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. Guilhem Bonazzi , Elodie Peyroux , Lucie Jurek , Ludovic Souiller , Adele Zufferey , Caroline Giroudon et al. (2026). Gender on the Spectrum: Prevalence of Gender Diversity in Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis . Autism in Adulthood, 8(5), 848-861. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2024.0202 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4409083716
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. Patricia J. M. Van Wijngaarden-Cremers , Evelien van Eeten , Wouter B. Groen , Patricia A. Van Deurzen , Iris J. Oosterling , Rutger Jan Van der Gaag (2014). Gender and Age Differences in the Core Triad of Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 627-635. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1913-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2070034706
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Emily Cary , Aparajita Rao , Erin Stephanie Misato Matsuba , Natalie Russo (2023). Barriers to an autistic identity: How RRBs may contribute to the underdiagnosis of females . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 109, 102275. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102275 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388408403
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Anna Clegg , Jade Wood , Hannah Hobson , Felicity Sedgewick (2024). The experiences of autistic people when facemask wearing and interacting with masked individuals . Autism in Adulthood 2024, 6(2), 162. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0091 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4384522908
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. Donna M. Werling , Daniel H. Geschwind (2013). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders . Current Opinion in Neurology, 26(2), 146. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e32835ee548 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2087547434
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. Meredith Cola , Lisa D. Yankowitz , Kimberly Tena , Alison Russell , Leila Bateman , Azia Knox et al. (2022). Friend matters: sex differences in social language during autism diagnostic interviews . Molecular Autism, 13(1), 5. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00483-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4205415106
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. LEO KANNER (1942). Exoneration of the feebleminded . American Journal of Psychiatry, 99(1), 17. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1176/ajp.99.1.17 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2099076703
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Perry de Valpine , Daniel Turek , Christopher J. Paciorek , Clifford Anderson-Bergman , Duncan Temple Lang , Rastislav Bodik (2017). Programming with models: Writing statistical algorithms for general model structures with NIMBLE . Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 26(2), 403. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2016.1172487 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2273597220
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Meng-Chuan Lai , S. Baron-Cohen (2015). Identifying the lost generation of adults with autism spectrum conditions . The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(11), 1013-1027. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00277-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2128937542
    Crossref OpenAlex
  23. Emily F. Dillon , Stephen Kanne , Rebecca Landa , Robert Annett , Raphael Bernier , Catherine Bradley et al. (2023). Sex differences in autism: Examining intrinsic and extrinsic factors in children and adolescents enrolled in a national ASD cohort . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(4), 1305. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05385-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3214777181
    Crossref OpenAlex
  24. Catherine Lord , Susan Risi , Linda Lambrecht , Edwin H. Cook , Bennett L. Leventhal , Pamela C. DiLavore et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Generic: A Standard Measure of Social and Communication Deficits Associated with the Spectrum of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005592401947 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144446993
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Hannah Edwards , Sarah Towner Wright , Cora Sargeant , Samuele Cortese , Henry Wood‐Downie (2024). Research Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in narrow constructs of restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests in autistic children, adolescents, and adults . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 65(1), 4. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13855 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4385158484
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. Emma Honey , H. McConachie , Michelle Turner , Jacqui Rodgers (2012). Validation of the repetitive behaviour questionnaire for use with children with autism spectrum disorder . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 355-364. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.06.009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2147549014
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Sarah L. Ferri , Ted Abel , Edward S. Brodkin (2018). Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Review . Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(2), 9. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0874-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2790546718
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Lawrence Scahill , Michael G Aman , Luc Lecavalier , Alycia Halladay , Somer Bishop , James Bodfish et al. (2015). Measuring repetitive behaviors as a treatment endpoint in youth with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 19(1), 38-52. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361313510069 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2147659454
    Crossref OpenAlex
  29. Rebecca Vine Foggo , Amanda A. Webster (2017). Understanding the social experiences of adolescent females on the autism spectrum . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 35, 74-85. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2564364624
    Crossref OpenAlex
  30. Frazier (2014). Behavioral and cognitive characteristics of females and males with autism in the Simons Simplex Collection . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(3), 329.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  31. Rachel M Hiller , Robyn L Young , Nathan Weber (2016). Sex differences in pre-diagnosis concerns for children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 20(1), 75-84. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361314568899 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2156654264
    Crossref OpenAlex
  32. Renée M. Green , Alyssa M. Travers , Yamini Howe , Christopher J. McDougle (2019). Women and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnosis and Implications for Treatment of Adolescents and Adults . Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(4), 22. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1006-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2920830522
    Crossref OpenAlex
  34. William Mandy , Elizabeth Pellicano , Beaté St Pourcain , David Skuse , Jon Heron (2018). The development of autistic social traits across childhood and adolescence in males and females . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 59(11), 1143. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12913 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2800125913
    Crossref OpenAlex
  35. Minjeong Jeon , Ick Hoon Jin , Michael Schweinberger , Samuel Baugh (2021). Mapping unobserved item–respondent interactions: A latent space item response model with interaction map . Psychometrika, 86(2), 378. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11336-021-09762-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3097088492
    Crossref OpenAlex
  36. Alexandra Leedham , Andrew R. Thompson , Richard Smith , Megan Freeth (2020). ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood . Autism, 24(1), 135-146. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319853442 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2947577397
    Crossref OpenAlex
  37. Aaron J. Kaat , Amy M. Shui , Sheila S. Ghods , Cristan A. Farmer , Amy N. Esler , Audrey Thurm et al. (2021). Sex differences in scores on standardized measures of autism symptoms: A multisite integrative data analysis . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 62(1), 97. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13242 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3016330668
    Crossref OpenAlex
  38. Luther G. Kalb , Vini Singh , Ji Su Hong , Calliope Holingue , Natasha N. Ludwig , Danika Pfeiffer et al. (2022). Analysis of Race and Sex Bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) . JAMA Network Open, 5(4), e229498. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9498 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4224921390
    Crossref OpenAlex
  39. Matthew J. Maenner , Kelly A. Shaw , Jon Baio , EdS1 , Anita Washington , Mary Patrick et al. (2020). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 1-12. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3027179734
    Crossref OpenAlex
  40. Aimilia Kallitsounaki , David M. Williams (2023). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 53(8), 3103-3117. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281255505
    Crossref OpenAlex
  41. Allison B. Ratto (2021). Commentary: What’s so special about girls on the autism spectrum? – A commentary on Kaat et al. (2020) . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(1), 107. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13284 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3036816161
    Crossref OpenAlex
  42. Varun Warrier , David M. Greenberg , Elizabeth Weir , Clara Buckingham , P. Smith , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2020). Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals . Nature Communications, 11(1), 3959. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3048303946
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Lucy A Livingston , Lucy H. Waldren , Esther Walton , Punit Shah (2022). Emotion processing differences mediate the link between sex and autistic traits in young adulthood . JCPP Advances, 2(3), e12096-e12096. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12096 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4294334404
    Crossref OpenAlex
  44. Matthew J. Maenner , Kelly A. Shaw , Amanda V. Bakian , Deborah A. Bilder , Maureen S. Durkin , Amy Esler et al. (2021). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 70(11), 1-16. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3216151710
    Crossref OpenAlex
  45. Mirko Uljarevic , Sarah J. Carrington , Antonio Hardan , Susan Leekam (2022). Subdomains of restricted and repetitive behaviors within autism: Exploratory structural equation modeling using the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders . Autism Research, 15(5), 861. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2687 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4213326519
    Crossref OpenAlex
  46. Hannah M. Rea , Roald A. Øien , Frederick Shic , Sara Jane Webb , Allison B. Ratto (2023). Sex Differences on the ADOS-2 . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(7), 2878-2890. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05566-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4224237433
    Crossref OpenAlex
  47. Antonio Napolitano , Sara Schiavi , Piergiorgio La Rosa , Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet , Sara Petrillo , Francesca Bottino et al. (2022). Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic, Neurobiological, and Behavioral Features . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 889636. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889636 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4280626387
    Crossref OpenAlex
  48. Miriam I. Martini , Ralf Kuja‐Halkola , Agnieszka Butwicka , Ebba Du Rietz , Aleksandra Kanina , Isabell Brikell et al. (2025). Sex differences in psychiatric diagnoses preceding autism diagnosis and their stability post autism diagnosis . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 66(8), 1170. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14130 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4408070058
    Crossref OpenAlex
  49. Masters (2016). Partial credit model .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  50. Kate Seers , Rachel Hogg (2023). “Fake it ‘till you make it”: Authenticity and wellbeing in late diagnosed autistic women . Feminism & Psychology, 33(1), 23-41. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/09593535221101455 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281777299
    Crossref OpenAlex
  52. Mirko Uljarevic , Thomas W. Frazier , Booil Jo , Lawrence Scahill , Eric A. Youngstrom , Emily Spackman et al. (2023). Dimensional Assessment of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors: Development and Preliminary Validation of a New Measure . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(5), 568-581. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.863 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4311209466
    Crossref OpenAlex
  54. Tien (2024). Gender differences: Confirmatory factor analysis of the ADOS-2 . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
    Type: Other
    Crossref