Neurodivergent affirming practice in occupational therapy: Scoping review and qualitative content analysis of the literature

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Twinley, R. (2024). Neurodivergent affirming practice in occupational therapy: Scoping review and qualitative content analysis of the literature. Neurodiversity, 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/27546330241301740

Publication date: 1 Feb 2024 Added to AutiHub: 26 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
1
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 1 (100.0%)
  1. Rebecca Twinley *

Abstract

Background Issues pertaining to neurodiversity and neurodivergence have only begun to be commented on in the occupational therapy discourse in recent years. A seminal piece made a notable proposal for the occupational therapy profession to shift its service paradigm to develop inclusive support for neurodivergent populations; the extent and success of this were yet to be measured. Aim To examine and describe the current qualitative, conceptual/theoretical, or opinion-based literature to identify key factors related to neurodivergent-affirming (or neurodivergent-inclusive) occupational therapy practice. Methods A combination of methodological guidance were utilised: (1) Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage methodological framework, (2) Levac et al., and (3) Pollock et al. Findings were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Qualitative content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs was conducted. Findings Eight resources met the criteria for inclusion. Four key categories were identified: (1) paradigm shift and therapeutic practice approaches; (2) advocacy and empowerment; (3) understanding and embracing neurodiversity as part of ethical and collaborative practice, and (4) systemic barriers, external challenges, and social context. Conclusions/Significance Findings suggest future directions include developing holistic approaches and building evidence through further research. This study serves as a knowledge synthesis to inform future research.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
67
With a DOI
42
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
25
7 / 67 (10.4%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
16 / 67 (23.9%)
References with detected author names
51 / 67 (76.1%)
Without detected author names
16
Without a structured title
15
Without a stable identifier
23
References with raw author names still to review
15
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
173
From DOI or external metadata
173
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
17
29 / 173 (16.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 144 / 173 (83.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
10 / 173 (5.8%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 10 / 29 (34.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 10 / 148 (6.8%).
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