Executive Functioning in Everyday Life in Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study

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Skogli, E. W., Andersen, P. N., Orm, S., Hovik, K. T., & Øie, M. G. (2022). Executive Functioning in Everyday Life in Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 71(3), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912x.2022.2095360

Journal or book title
International Journal of Disability Development and Education
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Volume
71
Issue
3
Pages
373-388
Publication date: 28 Jun 2022 Added to AutiHub: 20 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. Erik Winther Skogli
  2. Per Normann Andersen
  3. Stian Orm *
  4. Kjell Tore Hovik
  5. Merete Glenne Øie

Abstract

Problems with executive function (EF) are considered a hallmark of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the developmental pathway of everyday EF in these two groups, and whether the two groups follow a similar or different developmental course. In this longitudinal study, children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 84, Mage = 11.6, SD = 2.0), ASD (n = 38, Mage = 12.0, SD = 2.3), and typically developing children (TDC; n = 50, Mage = 11.6, SD = 2.0) were clinically diagnosed and assessed with parent-ratings of everyday EF at baseline and at two-year follow-up (97% retention). Results showed that both individuals with ADHD and individuals with ASD displayed elevated levels of everyday EF problems relative to the TDC at baseline (Hedges g = 1.99 to 2.99). Over the two-year period, everyday EF improved in individuals with ADHD relative to the TDC, whereas individuals with ASD displayed no improvement relative to the TDC. At two-year follow-up, individuals with ADHD and individuals with ASD continued to display elevated levels of everyday EF problems relative to the TDC (Hedges g = 1.61 to 3.19).

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 3 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
59
With a DOI
52
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
6
1 / 59 (1.7%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 59 (3.4%)
References with detected author names
57 / 59 (96.6%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
6
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
259
From DOI or external metadata
259
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
3
92 / 259 (35.5%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 167 / 259 (64.5%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
1 / 259 (0.4%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 1 / 92 (1.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 190 (0.5%).
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