Mapping Epistemic Partnerships: An Intersectional Framework for Collaborative Knowledge Production in Autism Studies
This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.
About the autistic author markerBenedetto, M. S. (2025). Mapping Epistemic Partnerships: An Intersectional Framework for Collaborative Knowledge Production in Autism Studies. Autism in Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1177/25739581251390141
This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:
Authors
Abstract
This framework presents a reflexive tool to navigate epistemic partnerships, interrogating the pervasive influence of Whiteness in knowledge production within Critical Autism Studies, and Autism Studies more broadly. Grounded in countercolonial praxis, the framewok operationalizes positionality and privilege, guiding researchers through 11 interconnected questions that foster humility, amplify marginalized voices, and disrupt epistemic hierarchies. By addressing the researcher’s relationship to power, both as a potential target and as a bearer of privilege, this tool resists the colonial impulse to claim objectivity, instead embracing shared authority and relational accountability. Each question serves as a provocation, prompting continuous reflection on the ethical complexities of knowledge creation while resisting appropriation and extractivist tendencies. More than a methodological intervention, this framework embodies a living praxis—one that demands researchers to embrace discomfort and center those whose narratives have long been silenced in their research endeavors. In offering this tool, the article contributes to the broader project of epistemic justice, carving space for Critical Intersectional Autism Studies that challenge Whiteness as its invisible standard in Autism Studies. Community Brief Why is this topic important? Autism research is largely led by White scholars working in Western universities. Because of this, the experiences of non-White autistic people are often ignored or treated as secondary. This has real-world consequences—when research does not include diverse perspectives, health care, support systems, and policies fail to address the needs of many autistic people. This article highlights why race matters in autism research and provides tools to make research more inclusive and just. What is the purpose of this article? The article introduces a new way to approach autism research through an intersectional framework. This tool helps researchers think critically about who is included, who is left out, and how power shapes knowledge. The goal is to challenge the dominance of Whiteness in autism research and make sure that non-White autistic voices are not just heard, but actively centered. What personal and professional perspectives do the authors bring to the topic? The author is an autistic Latin American scholar who has firsthand experience with the ways in which Whiteness shapes academic research. Initially, they set out to study autistic women’s experiences but realized that their own research was reinforcing Whiteness as the norm. Over 4 years of fieldwork, they collaborated with non-White autistic individuals, learning from their insights and experiences. This led them to create the intersectional framework as a way to hold themselves, and other researchers, accountable. What is already known about this topic? 1. Autism studies have historically focused on White autistic people, often ignoring how race and colonial histories shape autistic experiences. 2. Many researchers talk about “intersectionality,” but they do not actually include race in their analysis. 3. Non-White autistic people face greater barriers to diagnosis, health care, and support services. 4. Academic research often takes knowledge from marginalized communities without truly collaborating with them. What do the authors recommend? The author offers a concrete tool, the intersectional framework, to guide autism researchers through ethical research practices. This framework is not just for autism research; it can be used in any field to promote ethical and accountable knowledge production. How will these recommendations help autistic adults now and in the future? 1. More inclusive research will lead to better health care, support systems, and policies that serve all autistic people. 2. Stronger collaborations between researchers and autistic individuals will lead to research that actually reflects real-world experiences. 3. More ethical research practices will ensure that autistic voices are not just included, but valued as knowledge producers. 4. A shift in power, rather than reinforcing the dominance of Whiteness, this framework challenges it and makes space for diverse perspectives.
Bibliography cited by this reference
Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.
Cited bibliography overview
These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 19 Sep 2026 01:01.
- With a DOI
- 40
- Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
- 23
- References with detected author names
- 60 / 63 (95.2%)
- Without detected author names
- 3
- Without a structured title
- 2
- Without a stable identifier
- 23
- References with raw author names still to review
- 2
- References with external metadata lookup issues
- 2
- From DOI or external metadata
- 130
- From validated raw bibliography text
- 0
- Raw names already validated
- 0
- Raw names still to review
- 2
-
Ramón Grosfoguel (2015). Epistemic Racism/Sexism, Westernized Universities and the Four Genocides/Epistemicides of the Long Sixteenth Century . In Eurocentrism, Racism and Knowledge (pp. 23-46). Palgrave Macmillan UK.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Morénike Giwa Onaiwu *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). “They Don't Know, Don't Show, or Don't Care”: Autism's White Privilege Problem . Autism in Adulthood, 2(4), 270-272. SAGE Publications.
-
Katharine E. Zuckerman , Olivia J. Lindly , Nuri M. Reyes , Alison E. Chavez , Kristy Macias , Kathryn N. Smith et al. (2017). Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism in Latino and Non-Latino White Families . Pediatrics, 139(5). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Sandra Magaña , Susan L. Parish , Esther Son (2015). Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Quality of Health Care Relationships Changed for Children With Developmental Disabilities and ASD? American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 120(6), 504-513. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Kathryn A. Smith , Jean-G. Gehricke , Suzannah Iadarola , Audrey Wolfe , Karen A. Kuhlthau (2020). Disparities in Service Use Among Children With Autism: A Systematic Review . Pediatrics, 145(Supplement_1), S35-S46. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Aníbal Quijano (2007). COLONIALITY AND MODERNITY/RATIONALITY . Cultural Studies, 21(2-3), 168-178. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Whitney Schott , Sha Tao , Lindsay Shea (2022). Co‐occurring conditions and racial‐ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum . Autism Research, 15(1), 70-85. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Sarah Bargiela , Robyn Steward *Autistic author. Learn more… , Will Mandy (2016). The experiences of late-diagnosed women with autism spectrum conditions: an investigation of the female autism phenotype . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(10), 3281. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
-
Hanne De Jaegher (2013). Embodiment and sense-making in autism . Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 15. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Kimberle Crenshaw (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color . Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241. JSTOR.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Patricia Hill Collins (2013). Truth-Telling and Intellectual Activism . Contexts, 12(1), 36-41. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Maureen S. Durkin , Matthew J. Maenner , Jon Baio , Deborah Christensen , Julie Daniels , Robert Fitzgerald et al. (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children (2002–2010): Socioeconomic, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities . American Journal of Public Health, 107(11), 1818-1826. American Public Health Association.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Ruth Frankenburg (1993). White Women, Race Matters . Routledge.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Ramón Grosfoguel (2007). THE EPISTEMIC DECOLONIAL TURN . Cultural Studies, 21(2-3), 211-223. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Brandon S. Aylward , Diana E. Gal-Szabo , Sharief Taraman (2021). Racial, Ethnic, and Sociodemographic Disparities in Diagnosis of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 42(8), 682-689. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Tomás Sánchez Criado , Adolfo Estalella (2023). An Ethnographic Inventory . Routledge.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Pamela Perry (2007). White Universal Identity as a “Sense of Group Position” . Symbolic Interaction, 30(3), 375-393. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Desiree R. Jones , DAVID S. MANDELL (2020). To address racial disparities in autism research, we must think globally, act locally . Autism, 24(7), 1587-1589. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Damian Milton *Autistic author. Learn more… (2016). Re-thinking autism: diagnosis, identity and equality . Disability & Society, 31(10), 1413-1415. Informa UK Limited.
-
Walter D. Mignolo (2009). Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom . Theory, Culture & Society, 26(7-8), 159-181. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Bennett M. Liu , Kelley Paskov , Jack Kent , Maya McNealis , Soren Sutaria , Olivia Dods et al. (2023). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Geographic Access to Autism Resources Across the US . JAMA Network Open, 6(1), e2251182. American Medical Association (AMA).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Arthur Kleinman , Peter Benson (2006). Anthropology in the Clinic: The Problem of Cultural Competency and How to Fix It . PLoS Medicine, 3(10), e294. Public Library of Science (PLoS).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
(2008). White Logic, White Methods . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc..Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
George Lipsitz (1995). The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: Racialized Social Democracy and the "White" Problem in American Studies . American Quarterly, 47(3), 369. JSTOR.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Ashley N. Ramclam , Dieu M. Truong , Sarah S. Mire , Kimberly D. Smoots , Morgan M. McNeel , Georgina J. Sakyi et al. (2022). Autism disparities for Black children: Acknowledging and addressing the problem through culturally responsive and socially just assessment practices . Psychology in the Schools, 59(7), 1445-1453. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Pérez M (2019). Epistemic violence: Reflections between the Invisible and the Ignorable . El Lugar Sin Límites, 1(1), 81.Type: OtherCrossref
-
William Max Nelson (2024). Enlightenment Biopolitics . University of Chicago Press.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Kasturi Behari-Leak (2019). Decolonial Turns, Postcolonial Shifts, and Cultural Connections:Are We There Yet? English Academy Review, 36(1), 58-68. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Michael Morris (2016). Standard White: Dismantling White Normativity . Calif Law Rev, 104(4), 949. clr.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Albert R. Lee (2020). All You Have Gotten Is Tokenism . In Prejudice, Stigma, Privilege, and Oppression (pp. 387-399). Springer International Publishing.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Ladelle Mcwhorter (2009). Racism and Sexual Oppression in Anglo-America . Indiana University Press.Type: Book DOI: 10.2979/5591.0Crossref OpenCitations
-
Walker N (2014). Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities . Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Laura Hull , K.V. Petrides , Will Mandy (2020). The female autism phenotype and camouflaging: a narrative review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 7(4), 306. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Hyacinth Udah (2024). Decolonising Research for Justice: Ethical Imperatives and Practical Applications . International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Jacquiline den Houting *Autistic author. Learn more… , Julianne M. Higgins *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kathy Isaacs *Autistic author. Learn more… , Joanne Mahony , Elizabeth Pellicano (2021). ‘I’m not just a guinea pig’: Academic and community perceptions of participatory autism research . Autism, 25(1), 148-163. SAGE Publications.AutiHub · Autistic Autism Scholarship Project AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Michael K. Brown , Martin Carnoy , Elliott Currie , Troy Duster , David B. Oppenheimer , Marjorie M. Shultz et al. (2023). Whitewashing Race . University of California Press.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Cheryl I. Harris (1993). Whiteness as Property . Harvard Law Review, 106(8), 1707. JSTOR.Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/1341787Crossref OpenCitations
-
Mayne Souza Benedetto *Autistic author. Learn more… (2026). The “Dual Masking Phenomenon”: A Critical Autoethnography of an Autistic Multiracial Latina Amid the Presence of White Autistic Researchers and Self-Advocates . Autism in Adulthood, 8(4), 710-719. SAGE Publications.
-
Carter J (2007). The Heart of Whiteness: Normal Sexuality and Race in America . The Heart of Whiteness: Normal Sexuality and Race in America.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2018). Epistemic Freedom in Africa . Routledge.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Donna Haraway (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective . Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575. JSTOR.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Rose T (2024). Metaracism: How Systemic Racism Devastates Black Lives: And How We Break Free . Metaracism: How Systemic Racism Devastates Black Lives: And How We Break Free.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Crenshaw K (1996). Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement . Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Schieve, Laura A. , Daniels, Julie , Christensen, Deborah , Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn , Imm, Pamela , Baio, Jon et al. (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children (2002–2010): Socioeconomic, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities . UNC Libraries. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries.OpenCitations
-
Elizabeth Mackinlay (2019). Critical Writing for Embodied Approaches . Springer International Publishing.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Bonilla-Silva E (2003). Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America . Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Memmi A (2021). The Colonizer and the Colonized . The Colonizer and the Colonized.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Bhabha HK (2004). The Location of Culture . The Location of Culture.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Fanon F (1952). Black Skin, White Masks . Black Skin, White Masks.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Fanon F (1963). The Wretched of the Earth . The Wretched of the Earth.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Tuck E (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor . Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Hernández TK (2022). Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality . Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality.Type: OtherCrossref
-
(n.d.). Domínguez A. White Latinos don’t exist Wannabes do. https://www.latinorebels.com/2020/09/02/whitelatinos/Type: OtherCrossref
-
Bento MAdS (2022). Pacto Da Branquitude . Pacto Da Branquitude.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Smith LT (2012). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples . Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Milton D (2013). Autistics speak but they are heard . Journal of the BSA MedSoc Group, 7, 61.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Mullan J (2023). Decolonizing Therapy: Oppression, Historical Trauma, and Politicizing Your Practice . Decolonizing Therapy: Oppression, Historical Trauma, and Politicizing Your Practice.Type: OtherCrossref
-
(n.d.). Okun T. White Supremacy Culture. https://www.whitesupremacyculture.infoType: OtherCrossref
-
Santos ABd (2023). A Terra Dá, a Terra Quer . A Terra Dá, a Terra Quer.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Lorde A (2007). Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches . Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches.Type: OtherCrossref
-
DiAngelo R (2022). White Fragility: Adapted for Young Adults . White Fragility: Adapted for Young Adults.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Eddo-Lodge R (2018). Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race . Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Asare JZG (2023). Decentering Whiteness in the Workplace: A Guide for Equity and Inclusion . Decentering Whiteness in the Workplace: A Guide for Equity and Inclusion.Type: OtherCrossref