Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy on Evoked and Induced Gamma Oscillations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Casanova, M. F., Shaban, M., Ghazal, M., El-baz, A., Casanova, M., Opris, I., & Sokhadze, E. M. (2020). Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy on Evoked and Induced Gamma Oscillations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sciences, 10(7), 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070423

Publication date: 3 Jul 2020 Added to AutiHub: 14 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)
  1. Manuel F. Casanova
  2. Mohamed Shaban
  3. Mohammed Ghazal
  4. Ayman El-baz
  1. Manuel Casanova *
  2. Ioan Opris
  3. Estate M Sokhadze

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition of unknown pathology. Research suggests that abnormalities of elecltroencephalogram (EEG) gamma oscillations may provide a biomarker of the condition. In this study, envelope analysis of demodulated waveforms for evoked and induced gamma oscillations in response to Kanizsa figures in an oddball task were analyzed and compared in 19 ASD and 19 age/gender-matched neurotypical children. The ASD group was treated with low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), (1.0 Hz, 90% motor threshold, 18 weekly sessions) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In ASD subjects, as compared to neurotypicals, significant differences in evoked and induced gamma oscillations were evident in higher magnitude of gamma oscillations pre-TMS, especially in response to non-target cues. Recordings post-TMS treatment in ASD revealed a significant reduction of gamma responses to task-irrelevant stimuli. Participants committed fewer errors post-TMS. Behavioral questionnaires showed a decrease in irritability, hyperactivity, and repetitive behavior scores. The use of a novel metric for gamma oscillations. i.e., envelope analysis using wavelet transformation allowed for characterization of the impedance of the originating neuronal circuit. The results suggest that gamma oscillations may provide a biomarker reflective of the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the cortex and a putative outcome measure for interventions in autism.

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Cited references
79
With a DOI
69
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
10
2 / 79 (2.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
9 / 79 (11.4%)
References with detected author names
70 / 79 (88.6%)
Without detected author names
9
Without a structured title
8
Without a stable identifier
9
References with raw author names still to review
9
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
304
From DOI or external metadata
304
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
24
55 / 304 (18.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 249 / 304 (81.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
2 / 304 (0.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 2 / 55 (3.6%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 252 (0.4%).
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