“Individualisation is key”: Autism intervention professionals’ experiences of working with minority ethnic families in Australia

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Newton, C., Hudry, K., Aulich, A., Bent, C., Constantine, C., Franks, K., Goonetilleke, N., Green, C., Ijaz, R., Ma, E., Patel, K., Said, H., Wang, R., Wood, S., & Smith, J. (2025). “Individualisation is key”: Autism intervention professionals’ experiences of working with minority ethnic families in Australia. Research in Autism, 126, 202655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202655

Publication date: 1 Jul 2025 Added to AutiHub: 12 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
15
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 15 (6.7%)
  1. Corinna Newton
  2. Kristelle Hudry
  3. Alexandra Aulich
  4. Catherine Bent
  5. Christos Constantine *
  1. Kathleen Franks
  2. Nilushi Goonetilleke
  3. Cherie Green
  4. Rabia Ijaz
  5. Emily Ma
  1. Kanisha Patel
  2. Helen Said
  3. Rena Wang
  4. Sarah Wood
  5. Jodie Smith

Abstract

Early intervention (EI) professionals play an important role in supporting autistic children and their families. When families come from minority ethnic communities, the early autism journey is often more complex than for native-born families for caregivers and professionals alike. Whilst there is growing awareness about parents’ experiences, we have little data from EI professionals on what can be done to improve the experiences, engagement and outcomes for these families. Here, we sought professional insights on their efforts to provide early autism supports for minority ethnic families, namely those from Chinese and South Asian backgrounds. Through a community-partnered participatory approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with EI professionals who had experience working with autistic children and their families from Chinese and South Asian backgrounds in Australia (n = 18). Data were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Participating EI professionals described the challenge of developing a common language to talk about autism and supports with families, and often had different intervention priorities when compared to parents. They described observing parents’ own unmet mental health and wellbeing needs, which they felt were compounded by shame and stigma associated with autism within their specific communities. Moreover, professionals relayed their powerlessness in effectively supporting parents’ wellbeing due to a funding model focused solely on child goals. Participating professionals felt that the best way to work with families was to start by truly understanding the child, the parent and the family dynamics in order to tailor supports, as well as to encourage community connection and belonging. The insights offered by EI professionals into how early supports can be adapted to better meet the needs of minority ethnic parents and autistic children can inform more equitable policy-level decision-making for service provision. • Professionals described working with minority ethic parents and autistic children. • Finding a common language to discuss autism and create shared goals was difficult. • Professionals told of parents’ mental health needs which they could not support. • There should be open discussions about the merit of varied intervention approaches. • Individualised supports based on truly understanding families were endorsed.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 18:20.

Cited references
62
With a DOI
55
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
7
12 / 62 (19.4%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
3 / 62 (4.8%)
References with detected author names
59 / 62 (95.2%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
3
Without a stable identifier
5
References with raw author names still to review
3
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
298
From DOI or external metadata
298
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
6
151 / 298 (50.7%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 147 / 298 (49.3%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
26 / 298 (8.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 26 / 151 (17.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 18 / 254 (7.1%).
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