Navigating racism, stigma, and autism services: A scoping review of the lived experiences of racially and ethnically minoritized families

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Sterman, J., Wagland, Z., Scott-Cole, L., Spassiani, N., & Njelesani, J. (2025). Navigating racism, stigma, and autism services: A scoping review of the lived experiences of racially and ethnically minoritized families. PLOS Mental Health, 2(11), e0000481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000481

Publication date: 13 Nov 2025 Added to AutiHub: 10 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. Julia Sterman
  2. Zoe Wagland *
  3. Louise Scott-Cole
  4. Natasha Spassiani
  5. Janet Njelesani

Abstract

Research and clinical practice that addresses the needs of Autistic children often de-centres minoritized voices, despite the existing inequities that prevents their access to services and community participation. Grounded in Disability Critical Race Theory, this scoping review sought to collate and synthesise the research on the intersecting lived experiences of Autistic children and families from racially and ethnically minoritized backgrounds to inform more culturally attuned paediatric clinical practice. The authors systematically searched 8 databases up to June 2025. Extracted data from included articles were analysed using qualitative content analysis informed by Disability Critical Race Theory. Fifty-six studies were included in this scoping review, with a total of 1454 participants across the included studies. Findings illuminated that families had difficulty learning about and understanding autism, gaining access to services that met their cultural and language needs, and experienced disability-based stigma and racism. Families thrived when they were provided opportunities to learn about autism and available resources, could advocate for their child and others, access services from providers they trusted, and have their Autistic child celebrated within their community. To reduce inequities, there is a need for service providers to conduct culturally attuned paediatric clinical practice that centres the priorities of Autistic children and their families from racially and ethnically minoritized backgrounds. This paediatric practice needs to be neurodiversity-positive, culturally affirming, and financially, geographically, physically, socially, and culturally accessible.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 07:09.

Cited references
109
With a DOI
86
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
23
9 / 109 (8.3%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
3 / 109 (2.8%)
References with detected author names
107 / 109 (98.2%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
23
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
404
From DOI or external metadata
404
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
100 / 404 (24.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 304 / 404 (75.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
17 / 404 (4.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 17 / 100 (17.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 14 / 368 (3.8%).
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