Assessing Camouflaging in the Spanish Population: Cultural Adaptation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire for Spain

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Lois Mosquera, M., Zubizarreta, S. C. P., Fungueiriño, M. T., Navarro, M. A., Hull, L., Álvarez, A. C., Gafo, B. G., & Prieto, M. F. (2022). Assessing Camouflaging in the Spanish Population: Cultural Adaptation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire for Spain [Preprint]. Research Square Platform LLC. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2048328/v1

Publication date: 13 Sep 2022 Added to AutiHub: 7 Aug 2026 Type: Preprint Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
8
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 8 (12.5%)
  1. Miguel Lois Mosquera *
  2. Sabela Conde-Pumpido Zubizarreta
  3. María Tubío Fungueiriño
  4. María Alemany Navarro
  1. Laura Hull
  2. Angel Carracedo Álvarez
  3. Berta Gándara Gafo
  4. Montse Fernández Prieto

Abstract

Abstract Purpose: Misdiagnosis or late diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), especially for women without intellectual disability, has been partly attributed to camouflaging. However, in Spain there is a need for culturally adapted tools with gender perspective when assessing autism. Therefore, the main object of this study was to adapt the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) for use in the Spanish population. Method: A internationally established method for cultural adaptations was carried out. The procedure consisted of direct and back translation process, cognitive interviews in 7 participants from 16 years old diagnosed with ASD living in Spain and a linguistic expert review. Results: The translation process resulted in a tool culturally adapted to the Spanish population. Cognitive interviews revealed no serious difficulties, with only 3 problematic items. Conclusion: The CAT-Q-Spanish is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original tool and provides a camouflage measure for Spanish adolescents and adults diagnosed with ASD.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 17:07.

Cited references
43
With a DOI
41
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
2
5 / 43 (11.6%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 43 (2.3%)
References with detected author names
42 / 43 (97.7%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
2
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
257
From DOI or external metadata
257
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
2
118 / 257 (45.9%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 139 / 257 (54.1%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
6 / 257 (2.3%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 6 / 118 (5.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 6 / 190 (3.2%).
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