Les adultes autistes anticipent et intègrent le sens à partir de la voix du locuteur : données issues du suivi oculaire et des potentiels évoqués liés aux événements.

Titre original en anglais : Autistic adults anticipate and integrate meaning based on the speaker’s voice: Evidence from eye-tracking and event-related potentials.

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Barzy, M., Black, J., Williams, D. M., & Ferguson, H. J. (2019). Autistic adults anticipate and integrate meaning based on the speaker’s voice: Evidence from eye-tracking and event-related potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(6), 1097-1115. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000705

Date de publication: 12/11/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 04/10/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Mahsa Barzy
  2. Jo Black *
  3. David M. Williams
  4. Heather Jane Ferguson

Résumé

Les individus au développement typique (DT) intègrent rapidement des informations sur un locuteur et sur le sens qu'il entend communiquer tout en traitant des phrases en temps réel. Nous avons examiné si les mêmes processus sont activés chez des adultes autistes et testé leur déroulement temporel dans 2 expériences préenregistrées. L'expérience 1 a utilisé le paradigme du monde visuel. Les participants écoutaient des phrases dans lesquelles la voix et le message du locuteur étaient soit cohérents, soit incohérents (par exemple, « Lorsque nous allons faire les courses, je cherche habituellement mon vin préféré », prononcé par un adulte ou un enfant), tout en regardant des scènes visuelles comprenant des objets cohérents et incohérents (par exemple, du vin et des bonbons). Tous les participants étaient plus lents à sélectionner l'objet mentionné dans la condition incohérente. Fait important, les mouvements oculaires ont montré un biais visuel en faveur de l'objet cohérent avec la voix, bien avant l'audition du mot désambiguïsant, montrant que les adultes autistes utilisent rapidement la voix du locuteur pour anticiper le sens voulu. Toutefois, ce biais vers la cible est apparu plus tôt dans le groupe DT que dans le groupe autiste (2240 ms contre 1800 ms avant la désambiguïsation). L'expérience 2 a enregistré des ERP afin d'explorer les processus d'intégration locuteur-sens. Les participants écoutaient des phrases telles que décrites ci-dessus, et les ERP étaient synchronisés avec le début du mot cible. Une condition contrôle comportait une anomalie sémantique. Les résultats ont révélé une N400 accrue pour les phrases incohérentes entre le locuteur et le sens, comparable à celle suscitée par les phrases anomales, dans les deux groupes. Globalement, contrairement aux recherches qui ont caractérisé l'autisme en termes de biais de traitement local et de dysfonctionnement pragmatique, les personnes autistes ne présentaient pas d'altération dans l'intégration de multiples modalités d'information linguistique et étaient tout aussi sensibles aux effets d'incohérence entre le locuteur et le sens. (Notice de la base de données PsycInfo (c) 2020 APA, tous droits réservés).

Typically developing (TD) individuals rapidly integrate information about a speaker and their intended meaning while processing sentences online. We examined whether the same processes are activated in autistic adults and tested their timecourse in 2 preregistered experiments. Experiment 1 employed the visual world paradigm. Participants listened to sentences where the speaker's voice and message were either consistent or inconsistent (e.g., "When we go shopping, I usually look for my favorite wine," spoken by an adult or a child), and concurrently viewed visual scenes including consistent and inconsistent objects (e.g., wine and sweets). All participants were slower to select the mentioned object in the inconsistent condition. Importantly, eye movements showed a visual bias toward the voice-consistent object, well before hearing the disambiguating word, showing that autistic adults rapidly use the speaker's voice to anticipate the intended meaning. However, this target bias emerged earlier in the TD group compared to the autism group (2240 ms vs. 1800 ms before disambiguation). Experiment 2 recorded ERPs to explore speaker-meaning integration processes. Participants listened to sentences as described above, and ERPs were time-locked to the onset of the target word. A control condition included a semantic anomaly. Results revealed an enhanced N400 for inconsistent speaker-meaning sentences that was comparable to that elicited by anomalous sentences, in both groups. Overall, contrary to research that has characterized autism in terms of a local processing bias and pragmatic dysfunction, autistic people were unimpaired at integrating multiple modalities of linguistic information and were comparably sensitive to speaker-meaning inconsistency effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

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Références citées
90
Avec un DOI
88
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
0
5 / 90 (5,6 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
0 / 90 (0,0 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
90 / 90 (100,0 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
0
Sans titre structuré
0
Sans identifiant stable
0
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
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Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
334
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
334
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
82 / 334 (24,6 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 252 / 334 (75,4 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
6 / 334 (1,8 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 6 / 82 (7,3 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 4 / 269 (1,5 %).
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