Distinguer la réalité de la fantaisie chez les adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : données issues des mouvements oculaires et de la lecture

Titre original en anglais : Distinguishing reality from fantasy in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye movements and reading

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

Sources de métadonnées utilisées pour cette référence

OpenAlex Crossref BibTeX OpenCitations
En savoir plus sur les sources utilisées

Ferguson, H. J., Black, J., & Williams, D. M. (2019). Distinguishing reality from fantasy in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye movements and reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 106, 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.03.001

Date de publication: 11/03/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 04/10/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral Source OpenAlex

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Heather Jane Ferguson
  2. Jo Black *
  3. David M. Williams

Résumé

Comprendre des événements fictifs exige de distinguer la réalité de la fantaisie et mobilise donc des processus de haut niveau, notamment les fonctions exécutives et l’imagination, qui sont tous deux altérés dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). Nous avons examiné comment des adultes avec et sans TSA donnent un sens à des récits fantastiques qui violent la réalité en testant la compréhension en temps réel de situations contrefactuelles. Les mouvements oculaires des participants ont été enregistrés pendant qu’ils lisaient des récits décrivant de nouveaux scénarios contrefactuels qui violent la réalité (p. ex. « Si la margarine contenait du détergent, Maman pourrait utiliser la margarine pour sa lessive/sa pâtisserie », expérience 1), ou des versions contrefactuelles de mondes fictifs connus (p. ex. « Si Harry Potter avait perdu tous ses pouvoirs magiques, il utiliserait son balai pour balayer/voler », expérience 2). Les résultats ont révélé des effets de détection d’anomalies dans les premiers moments du traitement (immédiatement dans l’expérience 1 et à partir de la région post-critique dans l’expérience 2), qui n’étaient pas modulés par le groupe. Nous discutons ces résultats au regard des contraintes provenant des contextes du monde réel et de la fantaisie qui entrent en concurrence pour influencer la compréhension du langage, et identifions une dissociation entre les altérations de la TdE et les capacités de traitement contrefactuel.

Understanding fictional events requires one to distinguish reality from fantasy, and thus engages high-level processes including executive functions and imagination, both of which are impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined how adults with and without ASD make sense of reality-violating fantasy narratives by testing real-time understanding of counterfactuals. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives that depicted novel counterfactual scenarios that violate reality (e.g. “If margarine contained detergent, Mum could use margarine in her washing/baking”, Experiment 1), or counterfactual versions of known fictional worlds (e.g. “If Harry Potter had lost all his magic powers, he would use his broom to sweep/fly”, Experiment 2). Results revealed anomaly detection effects in the early moments of processing (immediately in Experiment 1, and from the post-critical region in Experiment 2), which were not modulated by group. We discuss these findings in relation to the constraints from real-world and fantasy contexts that compete to influence language comprehension, and identify a dissociation between ToM impairments and counterfactual processing abilities.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 17/10/2026 01:01.

Références citées
96
Avec un DOI
83
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
12
1 / 96 (1,0 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
2 / 96 (2,1 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
94 / 96 (97,9 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
10
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
228
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
228
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
4
38 / 228 (16,7 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 190 / 228 (83,3 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
1 / 228 (0,4 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 1 / 38 (2,6 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 1 / 164 (0,6 %).
  1. Nancy J. Minshew , Diane L. Williams , Kathryn McFadden (2008). Information Processing, Neural Connectivity, and Neuronal Organization . Dans Autism: Current Theories and Evidence (pp. 381-405). Humana Press.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-489-0_18 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W63388178
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. F Abell , Francesca Happé , Uta Frith (2000). Do triangles play tricks? Attribution of mental states to animated shapes in normal and abnormal development . Cognitive Development, 15(1), 1-16. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0885-2014(00)00014-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2023238480
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Philippa L. Howard , Simon P. Liversedge , Valerie Benson (2017). Processing of co‐reference in autism spectrum disorder . Autism Research, 10(12), 1968-1980. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1845 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2753194455
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Weijia Ni , Janet Dean Fodor , Stephen Crain , Donald Shankweiler (1998). Anomaly Detection: Eye Movement Patterns . Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 27(5), 515-539. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1024996828734 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W103801057
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Nena C. Adams , Christopher Jarrold (2012). Inhibition in Autism: Children with Autism have Difficulty Inhibiting Irrelevant Distractors but not Prepotent Responses . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(6), 1052-1063. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1345-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1991942804
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Heather Jane Ferguson , Christoph Scheepers , Anthony J. Sanford (2010). Expectations in counterfactual and theory of mind reasoning . Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(3), 297-346. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/01690960903041174 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2082520388
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Neal J. Roese , Lawrence J. Sanna , Adam D. Galinsky (2006). The mechanics of imagination: Automaticity and control in counterfactual thinking . Dans The New Unconscious (pp. 138). Oxford University Press.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307696.003.0007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W109475704
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. Jason E. Albrecht , Edward J. O'Brien (1993). Updating a mental model: Maintaining both local and global coherence . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19(5), 1061. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.19.5.1061 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1979321807
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Ruth Filik (2008). Contextual override of pragmatic anomalies: Evidence from eye movements . Cognition, 106(2), 1038-1046. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.04.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2021969688
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. David Braze , Donald Shankweiler , Weijia Ni , Laura Conway Palumbo (2002). Readers' Eye Movements Distinguish Anomalies of Form and Content . Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 31(1), 25-44. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1014324220455 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1499953242
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®) .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  12. D SKOLNICK , P BLOOM (2006). What does Batman think about SpongeBob? Children's understanding of the fantasy/fantasy distinction . Cognition, 101(1), B9-B18. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.10.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2151703788
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Ron Dumont , John O. Willis , Kathleen Veizel , Jamie Zibulsky (2014). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence . Encyclopedia of Special Education. Wiley.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1002/9781118660584.ese2519 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1524959298
    OpenAlex
  14. Sheena K. Au‐Yeung , Johanna K Kaakinen , Simon P Liversedge , Valerie Benson (2018). Would adults with autism be less likely to bury the survivors?: An eye movement study of anomalous text reading . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(1), 280-290. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1322621 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2609352040
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. S. Baron-Cohen , Alan M. Leslie , Uta Frith (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21(1), 37-46. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2093410327
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Byrne (2006). The rational imagination: How people create alternatives to reality . Choice Reviews Online, 43(05), 43-2737-43-2737. American Library Association.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5860/choice.43-2737 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1555731215
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Sheena K. Au‐Yeung , Johanna K. Kaakinen , Simon P. Liversedge , Valerie Benson (2015). Processing of Written Irony in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye‐Movement Study . Autism Research, 8(6), 749-760. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1490 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2166153343
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Nancy J. Minshew , Gerald Goldstein (1998). Autism as a disorder of complex information processing . Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 4(2), 129-136. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1998)4:2<129::aid-mrdd10>3.0.co;2-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2136863596
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. R. Harald Baayen (2008). Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics using R .
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1592805114
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. Philippa L. Howard , Simon P. Liversedge , Valerie Benson (2017). Investigating the Use of World Knowledge During On-line Comprehension in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(7), 2039-2053. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3129-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2606719658
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. NANCY J. MINSHEW , GERALD GOLDSTEIN , DON J. SIEGEL (1997). Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: Profile of a complex information processing disorder . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3(4), 303-316. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s1355617797003032 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1899215478
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Jennifer L. Barnes (2012). Fiction, imagination, and social cognition: Insights from autism . Poetics, 40(4), 299-316. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2012.05.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1997020458
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. M. Brosnan , Marcus Lewton , Chris Ashwin (2016). Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 2115-2125. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2742-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2294349091
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Josef Perner , Manuel Sprung , Bettina Steinkogler (2004). Counterfactual conditionals and false belief: a developmental dissociation . Cognitive Development, 19(2), 179-201. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2003.12.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1964764980
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. M. Brosnan , Emma Chapman , Chris Ashwin (2014). Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 513-520. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1897-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2076740686
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Fritz Heider , Marianne Simmel (1944). An Experimental Study of Apparent Behavior . The American Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 243. University of Illinois Press.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/1416950 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1968340857
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. S. Baron-Cohen , Sally Wheelwright , Richard Skinner , Joanne Martin , Emma Clubley (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism, Males and Females, Scientists and Mathematicians . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5-17. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005653411471 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100254283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Kinga Morsanyi , Simon J. Handley (2012). Reasoning on the Basis of Fantasy Content: Two Studies with High-Functioning Autistic Adolescents . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(11), 2297-2311. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1477-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2045886825
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Ruth Filik , Hartmut Leuthold (2013). The role of character-based knowledge in online narrative comprehension: Evidence from eye movements and ERPs . Brain Research, 1506, 94-104. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.017 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1972338358
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Dale J. Barr , Roger Levy , Christoph Scheepers , Harry J. Tily (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal . Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255-278. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2141845152
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Mante S. Nieuwland (2013). “If a lion could speak …”: Online sensitivity to propositional truth-value of unrealistic counterfactual sentences . Journal of Memory and Language, 68(1), 54-67. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.08.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1974127196
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2014). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. arXiv Preprint arXiv: 1406. 5823.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  33. Sander Begeer , Marc De Rosnay , Patty Lunenburg , Hedy Stegge , Mark Meerum Terwogt (2014). Understanding of emotions based on counterfactual reasoning in children with autism spectrum disorders . Autism, 18(3), 301-310. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361312468798 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2109827828
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Holly Joseph , Simon P. Liversedge , Hazel I. Blythe , Sarah White , Susan E. Gathercole , Keith Rayner (2008). Children's and Adults’ Processing of Anomaly and Implausibility during Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(5), 708-723. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17470210701400657 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2042203085
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Kevin J. Riggs , Donald M. Peterson , Elizabeth J. Robinson , Peter Mitchell (1998). Are errors in false belief tasks symptomatic of a broader difficulty with counterfactuality? Cognitive Development, 13(1), 73-90. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0885-2014(98)90021-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1982162971
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Sander Begeer , Mark Meerum Terwogt , Patty Lunenburg , Hedy Stegge (2009). Brief Report: Additive and Subtractive Counterfactual Reasoning of Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(11), 1593-1597. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0774-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118627439
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Francesca Happé (1997). Central coherence and theory of mind in autism: Reading homographs in context . British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(1), 1-12. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-835x.1997.tb00721.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1982350555
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Black (2018). Intact counterfactual emotion processing in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking . Autism Research.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  39. Michael Wilson (1988). MRC psycholinguistic database: Machine-usable dictionary, version 2.00 . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 20(1), 6-10. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/bf03202594 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2017433125
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Thomas K. Landauer , Susan T. Dumais (1997). A solution to Plato's problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104(2), 211-240. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.104.2.211 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1983578042
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Jo Black * , David M. Williams , Heather Jane Ferguson (2018). Imagining counterfactual worlds in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44(9), 1444-1463. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000500 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2583787580
    AutiHub · Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme Crossref OpenAlex
  42. Heather Joy Nuske , Edith L. Bavin (2010). Narrative comprehension in 4-7-year-old children with autism: Testing the weak central coherence account . International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 46(1), 108. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3109/13682822.2010.484847 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1984916538
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Heather Jane Ferguson , Anthony J. Sanford (2008). Anomalies in real and counterfactual worlds: An eye-movement investigation . Journal of Memory and Language, 58(3), 609-626. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.06.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1990056467
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Patricia Morison , Howard Gardner (1978). Dragons and Dinosaurs: The Child's Capacity to Differentiate Fantasy from Reality . Child Development, 49(3), 642. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/1128231 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1996663720
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Francesca Happé , Uta Frith (2006). The Weak Coherence Account: Detail-focused Cognitive Style in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5-25. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2162512585
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Domenic V. Cicchetti (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 284-290. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2063085086
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Cathy M. Grant , Kevin J. Riggs , Jill Boucher (2004). Counterfactual and Mental State Reasoning in Children with Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 177-188. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/b:jadd.0000022608.57470.29 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2011079710
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Elisabeth Dévière (2009). Analyzing linguistic data: a practical introduction to statistics using R . Journal of Applied Statistics, 36(4), 471-472. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/02664760802366783 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1997802248
    OpenAlex
  49. Anne E. Cook , Edward J. O'Brien (2014). Knowledge Activation, Integration, and Validation During Narrative Text Comprehension . Discourse Processes, 51(1-2), 26-49. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2013.855107 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2061333570
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Catherine Lord , Susan Risi , Linda Lambrecht , Edwin H. Cook , Bennett L. Leventhal , Pamela C. DiLavore et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Generic: A Standard Measure of Social and Communication Deficits Associated with the Spectrum of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005592401947 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144446993
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Uta Frith (1989). Autism: Explaining the enigma .
    Type: Livre OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1998090778
    Crossref OpenAlex
  52. Sarah D. Creer , Anne E. Cook , Edward J. O’Brien (2018). Competing Activation During Fantasy Text Comprehension . Scientific Studies of Reading, 22(4), 308-320. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2018.1444043 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2791121275
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Stefane Drayton , Kandi J. Turley-Ames , Nicole R. Guajardo (2011). Counterfactual thinking and false belief: The role of executive function . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 532-548. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.09.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2085057335
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Edward J. O'Brien , Anne E. Cook (2016). Coherence Threshold and the Continuity of Processing: The RI-Val Model of Comprehension . Discourse Processes, 53(5-6), 326-338. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2015.1123341 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2340831230
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. Donald M. Peterson , Kevin J. Riggs (1999). Adaptive Modelling and Mindreading . Mind & Language, 14(1), 80-112. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1468-0017.00104 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2014586512
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Heather Jane Ferguson , Lewis T. Jayes (2018). Plausibility and perspective influence the processing of counterfactual narratives . Discourse Processes, Special Issue in Honor of Tony Sanford, 55(2), 166. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2017.1330032 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2588530654
    Crossref OpenAlex
  57. K. A. Jellinger (2009). Autism. Current Theories and Evidence . European Journal of Neurology, 16(4). Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02545.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2014793890
    OpenAlex
  58. Anthony J. Sanford , Simon C. Garrod (1998). The role of scenario mapping in text comprehension . Discourse Processes, 26(2-3), 159-190. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/01638539809545043 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2095029512
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Heather Jane Ferguson , Anthony J. Sanford , Hartmut Leuthold (2008). Eye-movements and ERPs reveal the time course of processing negation and remitting counterfactual worlds . Brain Research, 1236, 113-125. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.099 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2054908176
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Hilde M. Geurts , Sanne F. W. M. van den Bergh , Laura Ruzzano (2014). Prepotent Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Two Meta‐Analyses . Autism Research, 7(4), 407-420. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1369 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2141268338
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Sophie E. Lind , David M. Williams (2012). The association between past and future oriented thinking: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder . Learning and Motivation, 43(4), 231-240. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2012.05.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2025233815
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  62. Nicole Van Hoeck , Elizabet Begtas , Johan Steen , Jenny Kestemont , Marie Vandekerckhove , Frank Van Overwalle (2014). False belief and counterfactual reasoning in a social environment . NeuroImage, 90, 315-325. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.043 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2033435662
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Uta Frith , Francesca Happé (1994). Autism: beyond “theory of mind” . Cognition, 50(1-3), 115-132. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2037759571
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Fiona J. Scott , S. Baron-Cohen (1996). Imagining Real and Unreal Things: Evidence of a Dissociation in Autism . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(4), 371-382. MIT Press - Journals.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1162/jocn.1996.8.4.371 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2048378772
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. David Saldaña , Uta Frith (2007). Do readers with autism make bridging inferences from world knowledge? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 96(4), 310-319. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2006.11.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2079960085
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. Eugenia Kulakova , Mante S. Nieuwland (2016). Pragmatic skills predict online counterfactual comprehension: Evidence from the N400 . Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(5), 814-824. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0433-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2345790349
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  67. Tessa Warren , Kerry McConnell (2007). Investigating effects of selectional restriction violations and plausibility violation severity on eye-movements in reading . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(4), 770-775. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/bf03196835 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2072403778
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  68. Philippa L. Howard , Simon P. Liversedge , Valerie Benson (2017). Benchmark eye movement effects during natural reading in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(1), 109-127. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000289 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2514506623
    Crossref OpenAlex
  69. Therese Jolliffe , S. Baron-Cohen (1999). A test of central coherence theory: Linguistic processing in high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome: Is local coherence impaired? Science, 71(2), 149. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00022-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2101043541
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  70. Kahneman (1995). Varieties of counterfactual thinking .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  71. Sophie E. Lind , David M. Williams , Dermot Bowler , Anna Peel (2014). Episodic memory and episodic future thinking impairments in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: An underlying difficulty with scene construction or self-projection? Neuropsychology, 28(1), 55-67. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/neu0000005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2156229753
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  72. Dermot Bowler (2002). Children's reasoning and the mind . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(4), 543-544. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00044 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2089505611
    OpenAlex
  73. Adrian Staub , Keith Rayner , Alexander Pollatsek , Jukka Hyönä , Helen Majewski (2007). The time course of plausibility effects on eye movements in reading: Evidence from noun-noun compounds . Journal of Experimental Psychology, 33(6), 1162. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.1162 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2091277323
    Crossref OpenAlex
  74. Mante S. Nieuwland , Andrea E. Martin (2012). If the real world were irrelevant, so to speak: The role of propositional truth-value in counterfactual sentence comprehension . Cognition, 122(1), 102-109. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.09.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2136099954
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  75. Mante S. Nieuwland , Jos J. A. Van Berkum (2006). When Peanuts Fall in Love: N400 Evidence for the Power of Discourse . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(7), 1098-1111. MIT Press.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1098 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2165256085
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  76. Ross Metusalem , Marta Kutas , Thomas P. Urbach , Mary Hare , Ken McRae , Jeffrey L. Elman (2012). Generalized event knowledge activation during online sentence comprehension . Journal of Memory and Language, 66(4), 545-567. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.01.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100425115
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  77. Frank J. Sansosti , Christopher Was , Katherine A. Rawson , Brittany L. Remaklus (2013). Eye movements during processing of text requiring bridging inferences in adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders: A preliminary investigation . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(12), 1535-1542. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2113444845
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  78. Tessa Warren , Kerry McConnell , Keith Rayner (2008). Effects of context on eye movements when reading about plausible and impossible events . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(4), 1001. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.1001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118318229
    Crossref OpenAlex
  79. Luca Surian (1996). Are Children with Autism Deaf to Gricean Maxims? Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 1(1), 55-72. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/135468096396703 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2139475589
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  80. Edward J. O'Brien , Anne E. Cook (2016). Separating the activation, integration, and validation components of reading . Dans Psychology of Learning and Motivation (pp. 249). Elsevier.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2016.03.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2479272207
    Crossref OpenAlex
  81. Keith Rayner , Tessa Warren , Barbara J. Juhasz , Simon P. Liversedge (2004). The Effect of Plausibility on Eye Movements in Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(6), 1290-1301. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.6.1290 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2155182312
    Crossref OpenAlex
  82. Perner (2000). About + Belief + Counterfactual .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  83. R Core Team (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing . R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  84. Frederick T. L. Leong (2008). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM) . Encyclopedia of Counseling. SAGE Publications, Inc..
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.4135/9781412963978.n182 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2336678555
    OpenAlex
  85. Sanford (1983). The mind of man .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  86. Sanford (1981). Understanding written language .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  87. R Core Team (2026). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing . R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.32614/r.manuals OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2582743722
    OpenAlex
  88. Daniel Kahneman (2014). Varieties of Counterfactual Thinking .
    Type: Article DOI: 10.4324/9781315806419-18 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2593990962
    OpenAlex
  89. Rachel Cooper (2017). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) . KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION, 44(8), 668-676. IMR Press.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2017-8-668 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2749809816
    OpenAlex
  90. Wechsler (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence . Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence..
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  91. Nigel Calder (1970). The mind of man .
    Type: Livre OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2798720362
    OpenAlex
  92. World Health Organization (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  93. Jason E. Albrecht , Christopher M. Hakala , Edward J. O'Brien (1992). Updating a Mental Model: Maintaining Both Local and Global Coherence . PsycEXTRA Dataset. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Jeu de données DOI: 10.1037/e665412011-313 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4233964996
    OpenAlex
  94. (1996). What might have been: the social psychology of counterfactual thinking . Choice Reviews Online, 33(09), 33-5397-33-5397. American Library Association.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5860/choice.33-5397 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4237704392
    OpenAlex
  95. Clive Hollin. (2006). Understanding Written Language . Dans Contemporary Psychology (pp. 40-59). Taylor & Francis.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.4324/9780203137703-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4238756750
    OpenAlex
  96. David Wechsler (2012). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence . PsycTESTS Dataset. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Jeu de données DOI: 10.1037/t15170-000 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4251941333
    OpenAlex