Household income among families with autistic children and youths in Canada: a cross-sectional matched cohort study

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Collins, E., Al-Jaishi, A., Farrow, A., Amankwah, N., Georgiades, S., Salt, M., Holmes, K., & Edjoc, R. (2025). Household income among families with autistic children and youths in Canada: a cross-sectional matched cohort study. BMJ Open, 15(11), e096019. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096019

Publication date: 1 Nov 2025 Added to AutiHub: 29 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
8
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 8 (12.5%)
  1. Erin Collins
  2. Ahmed Al-Jaishi
  3. Amy Farrow
  4. Nana Amankwah
  1. Stelios Georgiades
  2. Mackenzie Salt *
  3. Kieran Holmes
  4. Rojiemiahd Edjoc

Abstract

Objective Within the Canadian context, we sought to examine the relationship between households with autistic children/youths and household income. Design We used data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (CHSCY) to analyse households with a child/youth aged 1–17. Propensity-score matching was used to pair records for children/youths with a reported autism diagnosis to those without. We used linear regression for continuous outcomes (eg, total household income) and Poisson regression for binary outcomes (eg, low household income). All analyses were adjusted for the correlation between matched pairs. Primary outcome measure Total annual income of all household members. Secondary outcome measures Low household income; single-parent or single-income status; and whether at least one parent was not working or absent from work during the past week. Results Among a total of 39 951 CHSCY records, we identified a cohort of 815 autistic children/youths. The characteristics of the matched cohort were well-balanced. Households with an autistic child/youth had a mean annual household income that was lower (mean difference: $C16 489; 95% CI $C6384 to $C27 149) compared with matched households without an autistic child/youth. Households with an autistic child/youth were also 26% more likely to be classified as having a low household income (Relative risk (RR) 1.26; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.35) and 20% more likely to rely on a single income (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.33) compared with households without an autistic child/youth. Conclusions Compared with households without an autistic child/youth, those with an autistic child/youth often face more economic challenges, including lower household income and greater risk of food insecurity. Households with an autistic child/youth are more likely to rely on a single income.

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Cited references
64
With a DOI
49
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
15
0 / 64 (0.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
14 / 64 (21.9%)
References with detected author names
50 / 64 (78.1%)
Without detected author names
14
Without a structured title
14
Without a stable identifier
15
References with raw author names still to review
14
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
223
From DOI or external metadata
223
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
16
54 / 223 (24.2%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 169 / 223 (75.8%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
0 / 223 (0.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 0 / 54 (0.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 0 / 206 (0.0%).
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