Alcohol Use Patterns Among Underage Autistic and Non-Autistic Youth

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Graham Holmes, L., Xuan, Z., Quinn, E., Caplan, R., Sanchez, A., Wharmby, P., Holingue, C., Levy, S., & Rothman, E. F. (2023). Alcohol Use Patterns Among Underage Autistic and Non-Autistic Youth. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(10), 3808-3822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06086-4

Publication date: 26 Sep 2023 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
9
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 9 (11.1%)
  1. Laura Graham Holmes
  2. Ziming Xuan
  3. Emily Quinn
  4. Reid Caplan *
  5. Amelia Sanchez
  1. Peter Wharmby
  2. Calliope Holingue
  3. Sharon Levy
  4. Emily F. Rothman

Abstract

PURPOSE: We explored factors predicting repeated or hazardous alcohol use among autistic and non-autistic U.S. youth ages 16 to 20 years. METHODS: Autistic (n = 94) and non-autistic (n = 92) youth completed an online survey. By design, half of each group reported past-year alcohol use. We compared drinking patterns for autistic and non-autistic youth, and within each group between abstinent or infrequent drinkers (0-1 drinking episodes in past year) versus those who drank 2 + times in past year. RESULTS: Autistic (vs. non-autistic) youth who drank did so less frequently and consumed fewer drinks per occasion. However, 15% of autistic youth who drank in the past year reported heavy episodic drinking and 9.3% screened positive for AUDIT-C hazardous drinking. For autistic youth only, a diagnosis of depression, bullying or exclusion histories were positively associated with drinking 2 + times in the past year. Autistic youth who put more effort into masking autistic traits were less likely to report drinking 2 + times in the past year. As compared to non-autistic youth, autistic participants were less likely to drink for social reasons, to conform, or to enhance experiences, but drank to cope at similar rates. CONCLUSION: Repeated and hazardous underage alcohol occur among autistic youth. Targeted prevention programs designed to address the specific drinking profiles of autistic youth are needed.

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Cited references
76
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
2 / 76 (2.6%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
3 / 572 (0.5%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 3 / 81 (3.7%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 2 / 540 (0.4%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
81 / 572 (14.2%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 63 / 540 (11.7%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
78 / 81 (96.3%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 78 / 572 (13.6%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 61 / 63 (96.8%).
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