Prevention and Reduction of Anxiety in Autistic Preschoolers Through an Autism-Specific Parent-Mediated Intervention: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating Short and Longer Term Outcomes

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Adams, D., Malone, S., Dargue, N., Keen, D., Rodgers, J., Simpson, K., Wicks, R., Bullot, A., & Rapee, R. (2024). Prevention and Reduction of Anxiety in Autistic Preschoolers Through an Autism-Specific Parent-Mediated Intervention: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating Short and Longer Term Outcomes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 56(2), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06570-5

Publication date: 26 Sep 2024 Added to AutiHub: 24 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
9
Autistic authors reported by the publication
Number not specified
  1. Dawn Adams
  2. Stephanie Malone
  3. Nicole Dargue
  4. Deb Keen
  5. Jacqui Rodgers
  1. Kate Simpson
  2. Rachelle Wicks
  3. Ashleigh Bullot
  4. Ron Rapee

Abstract

Abstract Anxiety is a common co-occurring condition for autistic preschoolers. Whilst there has been extensive research evaluating anxiety prevention/reduction interventions for neurotypical preschoolers, such research is limited for autistic children. Fifty-seven parents of autistic 4–5-year olds, with varying levels of anxiety, participated in a randomised controlled trial of an autism-specific, parent-mediated intervention (CLK-CUES) to prevent or reduce anxiety in autistic preschoolers. Baseline, short-term (post-intervention) and longer term (12 months follow-up) assessments included child anxiety (ASC-ASD-P and PAS-R), intolerance of uncertainty, and parent well-being. (Trial registration ACTRN12620001322921). There were no reports of harmful effects of the intervention or trial. Linear mixed models show a significant group x time interaction for ASC-ASD-P Total score and the Uncertainty subscale with medium and large effect sizes. Post-hoc analyses show a significant decline for only the intervention group in anxiety (specifically, anxiety around uncertainty) from pre-post intervention, maintained at one year follow-up. There was no change on the PAS-R or other ASC-ASD-P subscales. CLK-CUES shows promise as a way to prevent and reduce anxiety in young autistic children, specifically anxiety related to uncertainty. Trials with larger samples are warranted. Findings also highlight the importance of using measures designed for autistic children.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:35.

Cited references
67
With a DOI
65
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
2
5 / 67 (7.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 67 (3.0%)
References with detected author names
65 / 67 (97.0%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
2
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
388
From DOI or external metadata
388
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
2
198 / 388 (51.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 190 / 388 (49.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
8 / 388 (2.1%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 8 / 198 (4.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 7 / 271 (2.6%).
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