Virtual and Augmented Reality in Social Skills Interventions for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

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Dechsling, A., Orm, S., Kalandadze, T., Sütterlin, S., Øien, R. A., Shic, F., & Nordahl-Hansen, A. (2021). Virtual and Augmented Reality in Social Skills Interventions for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(11), 4692-4707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05338-5

Publication date: 16 Nov 2021 Added to AutiHub: 20 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)
  1. Anders Dechsling
  2. Stian Orm *
  3. Tamara Kalandadze
  4. Stefan Sütterlin
  1. Roald A. Øien
  2. Frederick Shic
  3. Anders Nordahl-Hansen

Abstract

Abstract In the last decade, there has been an increase in publications on technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Virtual reality based assessments and intervention tools are promising and have shown to be acceptable amongst individuals with ASD. This scoping review reports on 49 studies utilizing virtual reality and augmented reality technology in social skills interventions for individuals with ASD. The included studies mostly targeted children and adolescents, but few targeted very young children or adults. Our findings show that the mode number of participants with ASD is low, and that female participants are underrepresented. Our review suggests that there is need for studies that apply virtual and augmented realty with more rigorous designs involving established and evidenced-based intervention strategies.

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Cited references
101
With a DOI
94
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
3
1 / 101 (1.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
4 / 101 (4.0%)
References with detected author names
100 / 101 (99.0%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
4
Without a stable identifier
3
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
425
From DOI or external metadata
425
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
7
84 / 425 (19.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 341 / 425 (80.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
1 / 425 (0.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 1 / 84 (1.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 356 (0.3%).
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