Hyperlexia and Dyslexia in Autism: Hitting a Moving Target

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Williams, E. & Casanova, M. (2012). Hyperlexia and Dyslexia in Autism: Hitting a Moving Target. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 13(3-4). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10215-011-0024-4

Publication date: 1 Jan 2012 Added to AutiHub: 14 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)
  1. Emily Williams
  2. Manuel Casanova *

Abstract

Дијагностичката историја на аутизмoт, дислексијатa и хиперлексијатa е комплексна.Затоа што овие состојби делат меѓу себе и конвергентни и дивергентни состојби, важно е да се разберат овие врски, особено во случај на истражување и на кој начин се интерпретираат студии кои поминуваат низ декади со променливи критериуми.Многу е важно да се синтетизира што е досега познато за морфологијата на овие состојби и да се подвлече што е сè уште непознато.Аутизмот и дислексијата, на пример, делат антиподни церебрални морфологии, како што се миниколумнарната густина, неурополната ширина, големината на клетките, волуменот на корпус калозум, гиралната комплексност, гиралната големина и церебралниот волумен, додека хиперлексијата не беше проучена на овој начин, иако таа има многу сличности со аутизмот.Во меѓувреме, флуктуацијата на критериумите на

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 14 Sep 2026 14:22.

Cited references
65
With a DOI
59
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
6
0 / 65 (0.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 65 (3.1%)
References with detected author names
63 / 65 (96.9%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
4
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
264
From DOI or external metadata
264
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
4
31 / 264 (11.7%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 233 / 264 (88.3%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
0 / 264 (0.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 0 / 31 (0.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 0 / 220 (0.0%).
  1. Darold A Treffert (2011). Hyperlexia III: Separating ‘autistic-like’ behaviors from autistic disorder; Assessing children who read early or speak late . Wisconsin Medical Journal, 110(6), 281.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W6513324
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. E. Kretschmer (1925). Physique and character . Physique and character.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  3. Franck Ramus (2004). Neurobiology of dyslexia: a reinterpretation of the data . Trends in Neurosciences, 27(12), 720-726. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2125512114
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Norman E. Silberberg , Margaret C. Silberberg (1967). Hyperlexia—Specific Word Recognition Skills in Young Children . Exceptional Children, 34(1), 41-42. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/001440296703400106 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W20801777
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. G.E. Ssucharewa, Dr. (2010). Die schizoiden Psychopathien im Kindesalter. (Part 1 of 2) . Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, 60(3-4), 235-247. S. Karger AG.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1159/000190478 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2917020193
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Kate Nation , Joanne Cocksey , Jo S.H. Taylor , Dorothy V.M. Bishop (2010). A longitudinal investigation of early reading and language skills in children with poor reading comprehension . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(9), 1031-1039. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02254.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2169433144
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. E Tirosh , J Canby (1993). Autism with hyperleia: A distinct syndrome? American Journal of Mental Retardation, 98(1), 84.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W144678948
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. James Hinshelwood (1917). CONGENITAL WORD-BLINDNESS. The Lancet, 190(4922), 980. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)56353-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4290865178
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Elena L. Grigorenko , Ami Klin , David L. Pauls , Riley Senft , Catalina Hooper , Fred Volkmar (2002). A Descriptive Study of Hyperlexia in a Clinically Referred Sample of Children with Developmental Delays . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(1), 3-12. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1017995805511 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1581114042
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Max Wiznitzer (2004). Autism and Tuberous Sclerosis . Journal of Child Neurology, 19(9), 675-679. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/08830738040190090701 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1545203440
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Mohsen Araghi-Niknam , S. Hossein Fatemi (2003). Levels of Bcl-2 and P53 Are Altered in Superior Frontal and Cerebellar Cortices of Autistic Subjects . Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 23(6), 945-952. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/b:cemn.0000005322.27203.73 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2059650931
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. G.E. Ssucharewa, Dr. (1926). Die schizoiden Psychopathien im Kindesalter. (Part 2 of 2) . European Neurology, 60(3-4), 248-261. S. Karger AG.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1159/000316609 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1550085185
    OpenAlex
  13. Jane M. Healy , Dorothy M. Aram , Samuel J. Horwitz , Jane W. Kessler (1982). A study of hyperlexia . Brain and Language, 17(1), 1-23. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0093-934x(82)90001-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2020103077
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Emily Williams , Ayman El-baz , Matthew Nitzken , Andrew Switala , Manuel F. Casanova (2012). Spherical harmonic analysis of cortical complexity in autism and dyslexia . Translational Neuroscience, 3(1), 36-40. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2478/s13380-012-0008-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2083524397
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Robert M. Shavelle , David J. Strauss , Jane Pickett (2001). Causes of Death in Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(6), 569-576. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1013247011483 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1564218038
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Peter E Turkeltaub , D.Lynn Flowers , Alyssa Verbalis , Martha Miranda , Lynn Gareau , Guinevere F Eden (2004). The Neural Basis of Hyperlexic Reading . Neuron, 41(1), 11-25. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00803-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2002358960
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Kimberle M. Jacobs , Bryan J. Hwang , David A. Prince (1999). Focal Epileptogenesis in a Rat Model of Polymicrogyria . Journal of Neurophysiology, 81(1), 159-173. American Physiological Society.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.81.1.159 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1918581034
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. P. Rakic (2000). Radial Unit Hypothesis of Neocortical Expansion . In Novartis Foundation Symposia (pp. 30-45). Wiley.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1002/0470846631.ch3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1858402027
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Emily Williams , Manuel F. Casanova (2010). Autism and dyslexia: A spectrum of cognitive styles as defined by minicolumnar morphometry . Medical Hypotheses, 74(1), 59-62. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.08.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2103861155
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Manuel F. Casanova , Daniel P. Buxhoeveden , Morris Cohen , Andrew Switala , Emil L. Roy (2002). Minicolumnar pathology in dyslexia . Annals of Neurology, 52(1), 108-110. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ana.10226 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2086418154
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Roberto Tuchman , Isabelle Rapin (2002). Epilepsy in autism . The Lancet Neurology, 1(6), 352-358. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00160-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2133877762
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Jessie Ricketts (2011). Research Review: Reading comprehension in developmental disorders of language and communication . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(11), 1111-1123. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02438.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1924130494
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Manuel F. Casanova , Ayman El-baz , Ahmed Elnakib , Jay Giedd , Judith Rumsey , Emily Williams et al. (2010). Corpus callosum shape analysis with application to dyslexia . Translational Neuroscience, 1(2), 124. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2478/v10134-010-0017-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2025127891
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Eraldo Paulesu , Uta Frith , Margaret Snowling , Alison Gallagher , John Morton , Richard S. J. Frackowiak et al. (1996). Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Brain, 119(1), 143-157. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/brain/119.1.143 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1964870184
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Manuel F. Casanova (2007). The Neuropathology of Autism . Brain Pathology, 17(4), 422-433. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00100.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2040775120
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Ulla Richardson , Paavo H. T. Leppänen , Matti Leiwo , Heikki Lyytinen (2003). Speech Perception of Infants With High Familial Risk for Dyslexia Differ at the Age of 6 Months . Developmental Neuropsychology, 23(3), 385-397. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1207/s15326942dn2303_5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1967561443
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Margaret Bauman , Thomas L. Kemper (2005). Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism: a review and future directions . International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23(2-3), 183-187. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144696231
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Albert M Galaburda (1999). Developmental dyslexia: a multilevel syndrome . Dyslexia, 5(4), 183-191. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0909(199912)5:4<183::aid-dys147>3.0.co;2-c OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2004481401
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Hidetsugu Matsushita , Ryuichi Morishita , Toshie Nata , Motokuni Aoki , Hironori Nakagami , Yoshiaki Taniyama et al. (2000). Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Apoptosis Through Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)–Mediated bcl-2 Suppression . Circulation Research, 86(9), 974-981. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1161/01.res.86.9.974 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1967665698
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Ashfaq M. Sheikh , Mazhar Malik , Guang Wen , Abha Chauhan , Ved Chauhan , Cheng‐Xin Gong et al. (2010). BDNF‐Akt‐Bcl2 antiapoptotic signaling pathway is compromised in the brain of autistic subjects . Journal of Neuroscience Research, 88(12), 2641-2647. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22416 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1970556147
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Romke Rouw , H Steven Scholte (2007). Increased structural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia . Nature Neuroscience, 10(6), 792-797. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/nn1906 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2012648954
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Uta Frith , Maggie Snowling (1983). Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children . British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1(4), 329-342. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-835x.1983.tb00906.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1988557420
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Manuel F. Casanova , Ayman El-baz , Meghan Mott , Glenn Mannheim , Hossam Hassan , Rachid Fahmi et al. (2009). Reduced Gyral Window and Corpus Callosum Size in Autism: Possible Macroscopic Correlates of a Minicolumnopathy . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(5), 751-764. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-008-0681-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2080580645
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. S. M. Brambati , C. Termine , M. Ruffino , G. Stella , F. Fazio , S. F. Cappa et al. (2004). Regional reductions of gray matter volume in familial dyslexia . Neurology, 63(4), 742-745. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000134673.95020.ee OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2145096626
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Manuel F. Casanova , Julio Araque , Jay Giedd , Judith M. Rumsey (2004). Reduced Brain Size and Gyrification in the Brains of Dyslexic Patients . Journal of Child Neurology, 19(4), 275-281. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/088307380401900407 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1988902189
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. (n.d.). Nordahl CW, Bauman M, Braunschweig D, et al. The presence of specific maternal IgG antibodies is associated with abnormal brain enlargement in ASD and in nonhuman primate model of ASD. IMFAR Program Book and Abstracts [Online]. 2012 [Cited 2012 Jun 7]. http://imfar.confex.com/imfar/2012/webprogram/Paper11097.html
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  37. A. M. Gallagher , V. Laxon , E. Armstrong , Uta Frith (1996). Phonological difficulties in high-functioning dyslexics . Reading and Writing, 8(6), 499-509. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/bf00577025 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1990214426
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. T G Graeber , J F Peterson , M Tsai , K Monica , A J Fornace , A J Giaccia (1994). Hypoxia induces accumulation of p53 protein, but activation of a G1-phase checkpoint by low-oxygen conditions is independent of p53 status. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 14(9), 6264-6277. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.9.6264 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2143778153
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Susan L. Smalley , Peter E. Tanguay , Moyra Smith , Griselda Gutierrez (1992). Autism and tuberous sclerosis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22(3), 339-355. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/bf01048239 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1997714374
    OpenAlex
  40. Peter R. Huttenlocher , Sasidharan Taravath , Saeid Mojtahedi (1994). Periventricular heterotopia and epilepsy . Neurology, 44(1), 51-51. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1212/wnl.44.1.51 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2137488560
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Manuel F. Casanova , Ayman El-baz , Jay Giedd , Judith M. Rumsey , Andrew Switala (2010). Increased White Matter Gyral Depth in Dyslexia: Implications for Corticocortical Connectivity . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(1), 21-29. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0817-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1999722500
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Yuping Luo , Ge Shan , Weixiang Guo , Richard D. Smrt , Eric B. Johnson , Xuekun Li et al. (2010). Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells . PLoS Genetics, 6(4), e1000898. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000898 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2036879857
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Paavo H. T. Leppänen , Ulla Richardson , Elina Pihko , Kenneth M. Eklund , Tomi K. Guttorm , Mikko Aro et al. (2002). Brain Responses to Changes in Speech Sound Durations Differ Between Infants With and Without Familial Risk for Dyslexia . Developmental Neuropsychology, 22(1), 407-422. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1207/s15326942dn2201_4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2079567011
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Kim L. McBride , Elizabeth A. Varga , Matthew T. Pastore , Thomas W. Prior , Kandamurugu Manickam , Joan F. Atkin et al. (2010). Confirmation study of PTEN mutations among individuals with autism or developmental delays/mental retardation and macrocephaly . Autism Research, 3(3), 137-141. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.132 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2015232131
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Margaret Snowling (1998). Dyslexia as a Phonological Deficit: Evidence and Implications . Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 3(1), 4-11. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1475-3588.00201 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2088889973
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. A. A. Raymond , D. R. Fish , S. M. Sisodiya , N. Alsanjari , J. M. Stevens , S. D. Shorvon (1995). Abnormalities of gyration, heterotopias, tuberous sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, microdysgenesis, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and dysgenesis of the archicortex in epilepsy: Clinical, EEG and neuroimaging features in 100 adult patients . Brain, 118(3), 629-660. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/brain/118.3.629 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2004371395
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. G. W. Hynd , M. Semrud-Clikeman , A. R. Lorys , E. S. Novey , D. Eliopulos (1990). Brain Morphology in Developmental Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity . Archives of Neurology, 47(8), 919-926. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530080107018 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2005966890
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Jerzy Wegiel , Izabela Kuchna , Krzysztof Nowicki , Humi Imaki , Jarek Wegiel , Elaine Marchi et al. (2010). The neuropathology of autism: defects of neurogenesis and neuronal migration, and dysplastic changes . Acta Neuropathologica, 119(6), 755-770. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0655-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2046683077
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Golder N. Wilson , John M. Optiz , James F. Reynolds (1988). Heterochrony and human malformation . American Journal of Medical Genetics, 29(2), 311-321. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290210 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2160822817
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. E. Vinckenbosch , F. Robichon , S. Eliez (2005). Gray matter alteration in dyslexia: converging evidence from volumetric and voxel-by-voxel MRI analyses . Neuropsychologia, 43(3), 324-331. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.023 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2083224210
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. James Hinshelwood (1900). CONGENITAL WORD-BLINDNESS. The Lancet, 155(4004), 1506-1508. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)99645-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2027756677
    OpenAlex
  52. Kate Nation , Paula Clarke , Barry Wright , Christine Williams (2006). Patterns of Reading Ability in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(7), 911-919. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0130-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2083493015
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Albert M. Galaburda , Thomas L. Kemper (1979). Cytoarchitectonic abnormalities in developmental dyslexia: A case study . Annals of Neurology, 6(2), 94-100. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ana.410060203 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144561988
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Albert M. Galaburda , Gordon F. Sherman , Glenn D. Rosen , Francisco Aboitiz , Norman Geschwind (1985). Developmental dyslexia: Four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies . Annals of Neurology, 18(2), 222-233. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ana.410180210 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2095796823
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. M S Livingstone , G D Rosen , F W Drislane , A M Galaburda (1991). Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 88(18), 7943. National Academy of Sciences.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.18.7943 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2056877958
    Crossref OpenAlex
  56. Peter Humphreys , Walter E. Kaufmann , Albert M. Galaburda (1990). Developmental dyslexia in women: Neuropathological findings in three patients . Annals of Neurology, 28(6), 727-738. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ana.410280602 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2109185342
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  57. G. Silani , Uta Frith , J.-F. Demonet , F. Fazio , D. Perani , C. Price et al. (2005). Brain abnormalities underlying altered activation in dyslexia: a voxel based morphometry study . Brain, 128(10), 2453-2461. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh579 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2097528990
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Heikki Lyytinen , Mikko Aro , Kenneth Eklund , Jane Erskine , Tomi Guttorm , Marja-Leena Laakso et al. (2004). The development of children at familial risk for dyslexia: Birth to early school age . Annals of Dyslexia, 54(2), 54184. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11881-004-0010-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2061926781
    Crossref OpenAlex
  59. Elena L. Grigorenko , Ami Klin , Fred Volkmar (2003). Annotation: Hyperlexia: disability or superability? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(8), 1079-1091. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00193 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2065814251
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Steven C Schachter , Albert M Galaburda , Bernard J Ransil (1993). A history of dyslexia in patients with epilepsy: Clinical associations . Journal of Epilepsy, 6(4), 267-271. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0896-6974(93)90012-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2077799574
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Uta Frith , Francesca Happé (1998). Why specific developmental disorders are not specific: On‐line and developmental effects in autism and dyslexia . Developmental Science, 1(2), 267-272. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1467-7687.00041 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2115154559
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  62. K. L. Narr , R. P. Woods , P. M. Thompson , P. Szeszko , D. Robinson , T. Dimtcheva et al. (2007). Relationships between IQ and Regional Cortical Gray Matter Thickness in Healthy Adults . Cerebral Cortex, 17(9), 2163-2171. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhl125 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2143956675
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. (n.d.). American Psychiatric Association. Proposed revision: A 08 Specific Learning Disorder. DSM-5 development [Online]. 2012 [Cited 2012 Jun 9]. http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=429
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  64. Ernst Kretschmer (2013). Physique and Character . Routledge.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.4324/9781315010205 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4247637708
    OpenAlex
  65. C. Hulme (2009). Disorders of language, learning and cognition . Disorders of language, learning and cognition.
    Type: Other
    Crossref