Non-Verbal Paradigm for Assessing Individuals for Absolute Pitch

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

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Kupferstein, H. & Walsh, B. J. (2015). Non-Verbal Paradigm for Assessing Individuals for Absolute Pitch. World Futures, 72(7-8), 390-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2014.989780

Publication date: 17 Jun 2015 Added to AutiHub: 5 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)
  1. Henny Kupferstein *
  2. Bong J. Walsh

Abstract

Autistic individuals have been observed to demonstrate high intelligence through musical communication, leading to many empirical studies on this topic. Absolute Pitch (AP) has been a captivating phenomenon for researchers, although there has been disagreement regarding AP percentages among the population and appropriate testing methods for AP. This study analyzed data collected from 118 people, using a pitch matching paradigm designed specifically to be inclusive of those who are likely to have note-naming difficulty due to communication challenges. Thirty-eight participants were autistic individuals, 32% of which were considered to have severe language impairment. Twelve other participants had other developmental disorders. All but 1 of the 38 autistics (97%) demonstrated exceptional and instantaneous pitch matching abilities on piano. Ten of the 12 (83%) with other developmental disorders demonstrated this ability, and approximately half (53%) of neurotypicals were able to exhibit this ability. Our numbers indicate that with a more inclusive paradigm for assessing AP, it may be demonstratable in close to 50% of the population, and near 100% in the autistic population. This testing method represents a neurodiversity-friendly and fully inclusive, non-verbal paradigm for demonstrating AP.

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Cited references
75
With a DOI
61
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
13
3 / 75 (4.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 75 (6.7%)
References with detected author names
72 / 75 (96.0%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
4
Without a stable identifier
12
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
178
From DOI or external metadata
178
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
2
32 / 178 (18.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 146 / 178 (82.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
3 / 178 (1.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 3 / 32 (9.4%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 147 (0.7%).
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