Reduced spatial frequency differentiation and sex‐related specificities in fearful face detection in autism: Insights from EEG and the predictive brain model

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Lacroix, A., Harquel, S., Barbosa, L. S., Kovarski, K., Garrido, M., Vercueil, L., Kauffmann, L., Dutheil, F., Gomot, M., & Mermillod, M. (2024). Reduced spatial frequency differentiation and sex‐related specificities in fearful face detection in autism: Insights from EEG and the predictive brain model. Autism Research, 17(9), 1778-1795. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3209

Publication date: 2 Aug 2024 Added to AutiHub: 9 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
10
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 10 (10.0%)
  1. Adeline Lacroix *
  2. Sylvain Harquel
  3. Leonardo S. Barbosa
  4. Klara Kovarski
  5. Marta Garrido
  1. Laurent Vercueil
  2. Louise Kauffmann
  3. Frédéric Dutheil
  4. Marie Gomot
  5. Martial Mermillod

Abstract

Abstract Face processing relies on predictive processes driven by low spatial frequencies (LSF) that convey coarse information prior to fine information conveyed by high spatial frequencies. However, autistic individuals might have atypical predictive processes, contributing to facial processing difficulties. This may be more normalized in autistic females, who often exhibit better socio‐communicational abilities than males. We hypothesized that autistic females would display a more typical coarse‐to‐fine processing for socio‐emotional stimuli compared to autistic males. To test this hypothesis, we asked adult participants (44 autistic, 51 non‐autistic) to detect fearful faces among neutral faces, filtered in two orders: from coarse‐to‐fine (CtF) and from fine‐to‐coarse (FtC). Results show lower d’ values and longer reaction times for fearful detection in autism compared to non‐autistic (NA) individuals, regardless of the filtering order. Both groups presented shorter P100 latency after CtF compared to FtC, and larger amplitude for N170 after FtC compared to CtF. However, autistic participants presented a reduced difference in source activity between CtF and FtC in the fusiform. There was also a more spatially spread activation pattern in autistic females compared to NA females. Finally, females had faster P100 and N170 latencies, as well as larger occipital activation for FtC sequences than males, irrespective of the group. Overall, the results do not suggest impaired predictive processes from LSF in autism despite behavioral differences in fear detection. However, they do indicate reduced brain modulation by spatial frequency in autism. In addition, the findings highlight sex differences that warrant consideration in understanding autistic females.

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Cited references with an identified autistic author
6 / 114 (5.3%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
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Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 6 / 104 (5.8%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 3 / 404 (0.7%).
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98 / 104 (94.2%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 98 / 485 (20.2%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 59 / 62 (95.2%).
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