Differences entre les sexes dans le développement cérébral chez les fœtus et les nourrissons présentant une probabilité faible ou élevée d’autisme

Titre original en anglais : Sex differences in brain development in fetuses and infants who are at low or high likelihood for autism

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Villa, L. M., Hampton, S., Aydin, E., Tait, R., Leming, M. J., Tsompanidis, A., Patterson, I., Allison, C. T., Austin, T., Suckling, J., Baron-Cohen, S., & Holt, R. J. (2021). Sex differences in brain development in fetuses and infants who are at low or high likelihood for autism [Preprint]. openRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.08.21251862

Date de publication: 11/03/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 30/09/2026 Type: Prépublication Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
12
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 12 (8,3 %)
  1. L. M. Villa
  2. S. Hampton *
  3. E. Aydin
  4. R. Tait
  1. M. J. Leming
  2. A. Tsompanidis
  3. I. Patterson
  4. Carrie T. Allison
  1. T. Austin
  2. J. Suckling
  3. Simon Baron-Cohen
  4. R. J. Holt

Résumé

Résumé Contexte On ignore si les fondements neuronaux de l’autisme sont présents in utero. En outre, on ne sait pas clairement si la différenciation sexuelle neuronale typique, qui est associée au développement de l’autisme, est évidente in utero. Nous avons étudié longitudinalement les différences entre les sexes chez les fœtus et les nourrissons en matière de structure et de fonction cérébrales, ainsi que les différences de développement cérébral chez les personnes présentant une probabilité faible ou élevée d’autisme. Ici, nous utilisons le terme « typique » de manière interchangeable avec le terme « faible probabilité d’autisme ». Méthodes Les participants ont été étudiés longitudinalement in utero, d’abord entre 30 et 33 semaines de gestation, puis en tant que nourrissons, entre 8 et 12 semaines après la naissance. Nous avons comparé les volumes cérébraux totaux et la connectivité fonctionnelle à l’état de repos entre 15 fœtus féminins et 15 fœtus masculins présentant une faible probabilité d’autisme, définie par l’absence de parent autiste au premier degré. Nous avons également comparé la structure et la fonction cérébrales de ces 30 fœtus à celles d’un groupe rare de 11 fœtus, 5 féminins et 6 masculins, dont la mère ou un frère ou une sœur était autiste, et qui présentaient donc une probabilité plus élevée de développer un autisme. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’un petit échantillon, le groupe à forte probabilité d’autisme est présenté, car il est difficile à recruter. De plus, nous avons corrélé les différences entre les sexes dans la connectivité fonctionnelle avec les différences entre les groupes de probabilité d’autisme dans les cerveaux fœtaux et infantiles. Résultats Il existait une interaction groupe par sexe dans le volume cérébral total fœtal. En moyenne, les garçons typiques ont montré une croissance plus rapide du volume cérébral total pendant la période périnatale que les filles typiques. Le groupe à forte probabilité d’autisme a montré une connectivité fonctionnelle à l’état de repos plus faible aux deux moments d’évaluation que le groupe typique, et les régions indiquant des différences entre les sexes chevauchaient celles associées aux différences de connectivité fonctionnelle du groupe à forte probabilité d’autisme. Conclusions La différenciation sexuelle in utero de la structure cérébrale était plus prononcée chez les fœtus présentant une forte probabilité d’autisme. De plus, la différenciation sexuelle du cerveau fœtal et infantile pourrait chevaucher le développement neuronal de l’autisme.

Abstract Background It is unknown whether the neural underpinnings of autism are present in utero. In addition, it is unclear whether typical neural sexual differentiation, which is associated with the development of autism, is evident in utero. We longitudinally investigated fetal and infant sex differences in brain structure and function, and differences in brain development in those at low and high likelihood for autism. Here, we use the term ‘typical’ interchangeably with the term ‘low-autism likelihood’. Methods Participants were longitudinally studied in utero first at 30-33 weeks of gestation, and then as infants 8-12 weeks after birth. We compared total brain volumes and resting-state functional connectivity between 15 female and 15 male low-autism likelihood fetuses (defined as having no first degree autistic relative). We also compared the brain structure and function of these 30 fetuses to a rare group of 11 fetuses (5 females and 6 males) who had an autistic mother or sibling, and therefore a higher likelihood of developing autism. Although a small sample, the high-autism likelihood group are reported as they are challenging to recruit. Additionally, we correlated sex differences in functional connectivity with autism likelihood group differences across the fetal and infant brains. Results There was a group-by-sex interaction in fetal total brain volume. Typical males, on average, showed faster total brain volume growth in the perinatal period than typical females. The high-autism likelihood group showed lower resting-state functional connectivity at both time-points compared to the typical group, and regions indicating sex differences overlapped with those associated with high-autism likelihood group differences in functional connectivity. Conclusions In utero sexual differentiation of brain structure was more pronounced in fetuses with a high likelihood for autism. Moreover, sexual differentiation of the fetal and infant brain may overlap with the neural development of autism.

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73
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72
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107 / 638 (16,8 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 531 / 638 (83,2 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
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Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 0 / 107 (0,0 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 0 / 425 (0,0 %).
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