Biais local et interférence du local vers le global sans déficit global : un résultat robuste dans l'autisme sous diverses conditions d'attention, de durée de présentation et d'angle visuel

Titre original en anglais : Local bias and local-to-global interference without global deficit: A robust finding in autism under various conditions of attention, exposure time, and visual angle

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Wang, L., Mottron, L., Peng, D., Berthiaume, C., & Dawson, M. (2007). Local bias and local-to-global interference without global deficit: A robust finding in autism under various conditions of attention, exposure time, and visual angle. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24(5), 550-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800701417096

Date de publication: 01/07/2007 Ajout dans AutiHub: 03/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Lixin Wang
  2. Laurent Mottron
  3. Danling Peng
  4. Claude Berthiaume
  5. Michelle Dawson *

Résumé

Une grande variété de paradigmes a montré que les individus autistes présentent des performances supérieures dans les tâches visuelles. Ici, l'impact des contraintes de la tâche sur le traitement hiérarchique visuel dans l'autisme a été étudié. En employant des procédures à choix libre et à choix forcé, le traitement global et local de chiffres hiérarchiques de type Navon a été examiné chez 15 personnes autistes (13 hommes, 2 femmes) et dans un groupe de comparaison. Dans la condition de choix libre, les personnes autistes choisissaient au hasard les cibles globales et locales, bien qu'elles répondissent plus rapidement aux cibles locales qu'aux cibles globales, indépendamment de l'angle visuel et de la durée de présentation. En revanche, le groupe de comparaison présentait un avantage global dans le temps de dénomination, qui n'était évident que pour des présentations plus courtes, ainsi que des effets de l'angle visuel. Dans la condition de choix forcé, les personnes autistes présentaient une interférence du local vers le global plus importante que l'interférence du global vers le local, tandis que le groupe de comparaison présentait un avantage global et une interférence bidirectionnelle. Globalement, les participants autistes présentaient une interférence atypique du local vers le global et un avantage local dans les conditions incongruentes (où les cibles globales et locales diffèrent), tant pour le temps de dénomination que pour l'exactitude. L'insensibilité relative du biais local aux contraintes de la tâche chez les personnes autistes, comparativement aux participants non autistes, indique que le biais local, avec l'interférence du local vers le global, est une caractéristique clé et distinctive de la cognition visuelle autiste et un candidat solide pour l'« endophénotype » de l'autisme.

A wide variety of paradigms have shown that autistic individuals present with superior performance on visual tasks. Here, the impact of task constraints on visual hierarchical processing in autism was investigated. By employing free- and forced-choice procedures, global and local processing of Navon-type hierarchical numerals was examined in 15 autistic persons (13 males, 2 females) and a comparison group. In the free-choice condition, autistics chose global and local targets randomly, though they were faster responding to local than to global targets, regardless of visual angle and exposure duration. In contrast, the comparison group exhibited a global advantage in naming time, which was evident only for shorter exposures, as well as effects of visual angle. In the forced-choice condition, autistics presented with a more important local-to-global interference than global-to-local interference, whereas the comparison group exhibited global advantage and bidirectional interference. Overall, the autistic participants presented with atypical local-to-global interference and local advantage in incongruent conditions (where global and local targets differ), in naming time as well as accuracy. The relative insensitivity of local bias to task constraints in autistics, in comparison to nonautistic participants, indicates that local bias, with local-to-global interference, is a key and characteristic feature of autistic visual cognition and a strong candidate for the "endophenotype" of autism.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
59
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
2 / 59 (3,4 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 171 (1,2 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 2 / 49 (4,1 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 133 (0,8 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
49 / 171 (28,7 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 25 / 133 (18,8 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
47 / 49 (95,9 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 47 / 171 (27,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 24 / 25 (96,0 %).
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