The relation between family familiarity with autism and developmental outcomes

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Morris, I. F., Mansolf, M., Sherlock, P., Calub, C. A., Camargo, C. A., Kelly, R. S., Lyall, K., McEvoy, C. T., Northrup, J. B., Wilkening, G., Wright, R. J., Zelazo, P. D., & Outcomes, o. b. o. p. c. f. E. i. o. C. H. (2024). The relation between family familiarity with autism and developmental outcomes. Neurodiversity, 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/27546330241280701

Publication date: 1 Jan 2024 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
OpenAlex source Publisher source (DOI)

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
13
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 13 (7.7%)
  1. Isabelle F. Morris *
  2. Maxwell Mansolf
  3. Phillip Sherlock
  4. Catrina A. Calub
  5. Carlos A. Camargo
  1. Rachel S. Kelly
  2. Kristen Lyall
  3. Cindy T. McEvoy
  4. Jessie B. Northrup
  5. Greta Wilkening
  1. Rosalind J. Wright
  2. Philip David Zelazo
  3. on behalf of program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes

Abstract

The course of typical and atypical child development likely varies depending on families’ understanding and support for their child's developmental needs. Analyzing longitudinal data ( N = 823 children with autism) from 37 cohorts, we explored the relation between family familiarity with autism (defined by the presence of an autistic sibling) and children's cognitive and social development and emotional/behavioral outcomes. Greater autism familiarity was associated with earlier age of diagnosis, but also with neurodevelopmental outcomes, over and above age at diagnosis. In early childhood, children in the autism familiar group performed better on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning compared to those in the unfamiliar group (mean T-score differences of 3–5). The later a child was diagnosed, the stronger the relation between autism familiarity and higher scores on receptive language and visual reception. Age at diagnosis was associated with more parent-rated problems on a range of Child Behavior Checklist scores in middle childhood and adolescence. Findings indicate that greater autism familiarity is associated with more positive cognitive developmental outcomes for children on the spectrum. Although correlational, these findings are consistent with the possibility that autistic children's development can be viewed as adaptation within a context that can be more (or less) supportive of children's developmental needs.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:31.

Cited references
49
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
1 / 49 (2.0%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
1 / 342 (0.3%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 1 / 57 (1.8%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 1 / 303 (0.3%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
57 / 342 (16.7%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 44 / 303 (14.5%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
56 / 57 (98.2%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 56 / 342 (16.4%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 43 / 44 (97.7%).
  1. Michael L. Cuccaro , Yujan Shao , Janet Grubber , Michael Slifer , Chantelle M. Wolpert , Shannon L. Donnelly et al. (2003). Factor Analysis of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-R . Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 34(1), 3-17. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1025321707947 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1241721946
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  2. Thomas M. Achenbach , Leslie Rescorla (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles .
    Type: Book OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3173410478
    Crossref OpenAlex
  3. Zachary Warren , Alison Vehorn , Elizabeth Dohrmann , Amy Nicholson , James S. Sutcliffe , Jeremy Veenstra‐VanderWeele (2012). Accuracy of Phenotyping Children With A utism Based on Parent Report: What Specifically Do We Gain Phenotyping “Rapidly”? Autism Research, 5(2), 151-151. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1228 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4234195524
    OpenCitations
  4. Ashlyn L. Smith , MaryAnn Romski , Rose A. Sevcik , Lauren B. Adamson , R. Michael Barker (2014). Parent Stress and Perceptions of Language Development: Comparing Down Syndrome and Other Developmental Disabilities . Family Relations, 63(1), 71-84. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/fare.12048 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1506818100
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4247665917
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Vanessa Hus , Somer Bishop , Katherine Gotham , Marisela Huerta , Catherine Lord (2013). Factors influencing scores on the social responsiveness scale . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 216-224. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02589.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1881457160
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Anoek M. Oerlemans , Catharina A. Hartman , Barbara Franke , Jan K. Buitelaar , Nanda N. J. Rommelse (2016). Does the cognitive architecture of simplex and multiplex ASD families differ? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(2), 489-501. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2572-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1517555806
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Bakken T. L. (2016). Psychiatric and behavioral disorders in intellectual and developmental disabilities . Psychiatric and behavioral disorders in intellectual and developmental disabilities, 119.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  9. Daniel Berends , Cheryl Dissanayake , Lauren P. Lawson (2019). Differences in Cognition and Behaviour in Multiplex and Simplex Autism: Does Prior Experience Raising a Child with Autism Matter? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(8), 3401-3411. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04052-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2944843634
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. John N. Constantino , Sandra A. Davis , Richard D. Todd , Matthew K. Schindler , Maggie M. Gross , Susan L. Brophy et al. (2003). Validation of a Brief Quantitative Measure of Autistic Traits: Comparison of the Social Responsiveness Scale with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(4), 427-433. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1025014929212 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1588132147
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Ryan Banach , Ann Thompson , Péter Szatmári , Jeremy Goldberg , Lawrence Tuff , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum et al. (2009). Brief Report: Relationship Between Non-verbal IQ and Gender in Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(1), 188-193. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-008-0612-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1987675098
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Claire L. Wood , Frances Warnell , Mary Johnson , Annette Hames , Mark S. Pearce , Helen McConachie et al. (2015). Evidence for ASD Recurrence Rates and Reproductive Stoppage From Large UK ASD Research Family Databases . Autism Research, 8(1), 73-81. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1414 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1766090516
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Bartlett J., Keogh R., Bonneville E. F. (2022). smcfcs: Multiple imputation of covariates by substantive model compatible fully conditional specification. R package version 1. 6. 1.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  14. Annie Bernier , Stephanie M Carlson , Natasha Whipple (2010). From External Regulation to Self-Regulation: Early Parenting Precursors of Young Children’s Executive Functioning . Child Development, 81(1), 326-339. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01397.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2129352446
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Jonathan W Bartlett , Shaun R Seaman , Ian R White , James R Carpenter , for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative* (2015). Multiple imputation of covariates by fully conditional specification: Accommodating the substantive model . Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 24(4), 462-487. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0962280214521348 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2157235443
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Louis P. Elliott , Barry W. Brook (2007). Revisiting Chamberlin: Multiple Working Hypotheses for the 21st Century . BioScience, 57(7), 608-614. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1641/b570708 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2112665563
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Bayley N. (2006). Bayley scales of infant and toddler development . Bayley scales of infant and toddler development.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  18. Sevtap Gurdal , Jennifer E. Lansford , Emma Sorbring (2016). Parental perceptions of children's agency: Parental warmth, school achievement and adjustment . Early Child Development and Care, 186(8), 1203-1211. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/03004430.2015.1083559 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2160672482
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. T.M. O'Shea , E.N. Allred , O. Dammann , D. Hirtz , K.C.K. Kuban , N. Paneth et al. (2009). The ELGAN study of the brain and related disorders in extremely low gestational age newborns . Early Human Development, 85(11), 719-725. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.060 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1988767510
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Erik W. Carter , Diane Austin , Audrey A. Trainor (2012). Predictors of Postschool Employment Outcomes for Young Adults With Severe Disabilities . Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 23(1), 50-63. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1044207311414680 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2010615693
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Irva Hertz-Picciotto , Lisa A. Croen , Robin Hansen , Carrie R. Jones , Judy van de Water , Isaac N. Pessah (2006). The CHARGE Study: An Epidemiologic Investigation of Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to Autism . Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(7), 1119-1125. American Chemical Society (ACS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8483 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2021949850
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979). The Ecology of Human Development . Harvard University Press.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.4159/9780674028845 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2254735081
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Cheryl Dissanayake , James Searles , Josephine Barbaro , Nancy Sadka , Lauren P. Lawson (2019). Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families . Autism Research, 12(4), 682-693. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2074 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2907813052
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Richard M. Lerner (1991). Changing organism-context relations as the basic process of development: A developmental contextual perspective. Developmental Psychology, 27(1), 27-32. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.27 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2022802846
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Zachary Warren , Alison Vehorn , Elizabeth Dohrmann , Amy Nicholson , James S. Sutcliffe , Jeremy Veenstra‐VanderWeele (2012). Accuracy of phenotyping children with autism based on parent report: what specifically do we gain phenotyping “rapidly”? Autism Research, 5(1), 31-38. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.230 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2026884329
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. Loren A. Martin , Narges L. Horriat (2012). The Effects of Birth Order and Birth Interval on the Phenotypic Expression of Autism Spectrum Disorder . PLoS ONE, 7(11), e51049. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051049 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2032717180
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Constantino J. N. (2012). Social Responsiveness Scale–Second Edition (SRS-2) . Social Responsiveness Scale–Second Edition (SRS-2).
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  28. Catherine Lord , Traolach Brugha , Tony Charman , James Cusack * , Guillaume Dumas , Thomas Frazier et al. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder . Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2769544142
    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Cristan Farmer , Christine Golden , Audrey Thurm (2016). Concurrent validity of the differential ability scales, second edition with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning in young children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders . Child Neuropsychology, 22(5), 556-569. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1020775 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2082224609
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Brenda Schick , Peter De Villiers , Jill De Villiers , Robert Hoffmeister (2007). Language and Theory of Mind: A Study of Deaf Children . Child Development, 78(2), 376-396. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01004.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2126447129
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Philip David Zelazo (2013). Developmental Psychology . The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 1, 2-12. Oxford University Press.
    Type: Other DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958450.013.0001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4241096076
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Donald B. Rubin (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys . Wiley.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1002/9780470316696 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118502261
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Jinan Zeidan , Éric Fombonne , Julie Scorah , Alaa T. Ibrahim , Maureen S. Durkin , Shekhar Saxena et al. (2022). Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update . Autism Research, 15(5), 778-790. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2696 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4214849391
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Monica L. Simonsen , Debra A. Neubert (2013). Transitioning Youth With Intellectual and Other Developmental Disabilities . Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 36(3), 188-198. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/2165143412469399 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2125597760
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Matthew W. Gillman , Carol J. Blaisdell (2018). Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes, a Research Program of the National Institutes of Health . Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 30(2), 260-262. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000600 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2789806379
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Ann S. Masten , Dante Cicchetti (2010). Developmental cascades . Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491-495. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000222 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4236657350
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Ross E Mitchell , Michael A Karchmer (2004). Chasing the Mythical Ten Percent: Parental Hearing Status of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in the United States . Sign Language Studies, 4(2), 138-163. Project MUSE.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1353/sls.2004.0005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2152873914
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Nirit Haruvi-Lamdan , Danny Horesh , Shani Zohar , Meital Kraus , Ofer Golan (2020). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions . Autism, 24(4), 884-898. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320912143 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3015082203
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Meng-Chuan Lai , Caroline Kassee , Richard Besney , Sarah Bonato , Laura Hull , Will Mandy et al. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis . The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 819-829. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30289-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2936336589
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Laura Shank (2011). Mullen Scales of Early Learning . In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology (pp. 1669-1671). Springer New York.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1570 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4234836006
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Stephen M. Kanne , Somer Bishop (2021). Editorial Perspective: The autism waitlist crisis and remembering what families need . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(2), 140-142. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13254 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3020975296
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Anne G. Lever , Hilde M. Geurts (2016). Psychiatric Co-occurring Symptoms and Disorders in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 1916-1930. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2722-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2272786625
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Colin Hemmings , Colin Hemmings , Nick Bouras , Marco O. Bertelli , Jason Buckles , Heidi Hermans et al. (2015). Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities . Cambridge University Press.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781107588714 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2489653798
    OpenAlex
  44. Alexandra Sturm , Megan Kuhfeld , Connie Kasari , James T. McCracken (2017). Development and validation of an item response theory‐based Social Responsiveness Scale short form . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(9), 1053-1061. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12731 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2610546458
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Matthew J. Maenner , Kelly A. Shaw , Amanda V. Bakian , Deborah A. Bilder , Maureen S. Durkin , Amy Esler et al. (2021). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 70(11), 1-16. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3216151710
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Catherine A. Ziats , Wesley G. Patterson , Michael Friez (2021). Syndromic Autism Revisited: Review of the Literature and Lessons Learned . Pediatric Neurology, 114, 21-25. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.06.011 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3036997541
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Mullen E. M. (1995). Mullen scales of early learning . Mullen Scales of Early Learning.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  48. (2012). Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development . SpringerReference. Springer-Verlag.
    Type: Other DOI: 10.1007/springerreference_184222 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3138028483
    OpenAlex
  49. Tiffany Hutchins , Giacomo Vivanti , Natasa Mateljevic , Roger J. Jou , Frederick Shic , Lauren Cornew et al. (2013). Mullen Scales of Early Learning . In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp. 1941-1946). Springer New York.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_596 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4253104584
    OpenAlex