Prevalence, understandings, and experiences of autism among Pacific Peoples: A scoping review

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref
Learn more about the sources used

Woodford, E., Smith, J., Ruhe, T., Koka'ua, J., Scott, T., Bowden, N., Tupou, J., Monk, R., & McLay, L. (2026). Prevalence, understandings, and experiences of autism among Pacific Peoples: A scoping review. Research in Neurodiversity, 2, 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rin.2026.100046

Publication date: 17 Jun 2026 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
OpenAlex source Publisher source (DOI)

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
9
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 9 (11.1%)
  1. Emma Woodford
  2. Joshua Smith
  3. Troy Ruhe
  4. Jesse Koka'ua
  5. Taylor Scott
  1. Nicholas Bowden
  2. Jessica Tupou
  3. Ruth Monk *
  4. Laurie McLay

Abstract

No structured abstract stored for this reference.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:31.

Cited references
85
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
0 / 85 (0.0%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
0 / 379 (0.0%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 0 / 39 (0.0%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 0 / 281 (0.0%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
39 / 379 (10.3%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 22 / 281 (7.8%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
39 / 39 (100.0%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 39 / 379 (10.3%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 22 / 22 (100.0%).
  1. Joseph K. Gona , Charles R. Newton , Kenneth Rimba , Rachel Mapenzi , Michael Kihara , Fons J. R. Van de Vijver et al. (2015). Parents’ and Professionals’ Perceptions on Causes and Treatment Options for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in a Multicultural Context on the Kenyan Coast . PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0132729. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132729 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1516565737
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. *Abernethy, I. (2023). An investigation into telehealth-delivered interventions for autistic pacific children [Master’s thesis, University of Canterbury]. UC Research Repository. 10. 26021/14650.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  3. Tamasailau Suaalii‐Sauni , Saunimaa Ma Fulu‐Aiolupotea (2014). Decolonising P acific research, building P acific research communities and developing P acific research tools: The case of the talanoa and the faafaletui in S amoa . Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55(3), 331-344. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/apv.12061 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1583678667
    Crossref OpenAlex
  4. Alefaio (2018). Samoan indigenous psychology .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  5. Gregory S. Liptak , Lauren B. Benzoni , Daniel W. Mruzek , Karen W. Nolan , Melissa A. Thingvoll , Christine M. Wade et al. (2008). Disparities in Diagnosis and Access to Health Services for Children with Autism: Data from the National Survey of Children's Health . Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 29(3), 152-160. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e318165c7a0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1963964632
    Crossref OpenAlex
  6. González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4247665917
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Tamara C. Daley (2002). The Need for Cross-Cultural Research on the Pervasive Developmental Disorders . Transcultural Psychiatry, 39(4), 531-550. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/136346150203900409 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1978618623
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. Anae (2016). Teu Le Va: Samoan relational ethics . Knowledge Cultures, 4(3), 117.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  9. Michael J Murray (2013). Children of migrant parents may be at greater risk of low-functioning autism spectrum disorder, but lower risk of high-functioning autism spectrum disorder . Evidence Based Mental Health, 16(1), 24-24. BMJ.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/eb-2012-101025 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1986885305
    Crossref OpenAlex
  10. Apulu-Pamatatau, N. I. (2022). Experiences of Pasifika fathers who care for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [Bachelor with Honours dissertation, Auckland University of Technology]. The AUT Research Repository Tuwhera. 〈 https://hdl.handle.net/10292/15157〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  11. Catherine A. Bent , Cheryl Dissanayake , Josephine Barbaro (2015). Mapping the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in children aged under 7 years in Australia, 2010–2012 . Medical Journal of Australia, 202(6), 317-320. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5694/mja14.00328 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2015089696
    Crossref OpenAlex
  12. *Autism (2020). Autism/Takiwātanga: The pathway to diagnosis and supports in New Zealand .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  13. Christina Birkin , Angelika Anderson , Fred Seymour , Dennis W. Moore (2008). A parent‐focused early intervention program for autism: Who gets access? Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 33(2), 108-116. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13668250802036746 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2062219564
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. Benjamin Bailey , Joanne Arciuli (2020). Indigenous Australians with autism: A scoping review . Autism, 24(5), 1031-1046. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319894829 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2998906852
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. Maria Valicenti-McDermott , Kathryn Hottinger , Rosa Seijo , Lisa Shulman (2012). Age at Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders . The Journal of Pediatrics, 161(3), 554-556. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.012 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2073102203
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Jon Baio , Lisa Wiggins , Deborah L. Christensen , Matthew J Maenner , Julie Daniels , Zachary Warren et al. (2018). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), 1-23. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2614349964
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Danielle Levac , Heather Colquhoun , Kelly K O'Brien (2010). Scoping studies: advancing the methodology . Implementation Science, 5(1), 69-69. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-5-69 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2084154288
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. Muideen Bakare , Ahamefule O Agomoh , Peter O Ebigbo , Julian Eaton , Kevin O Okonkwo , Jojo U Onwukwe et al. (2009). Etiological explanation, treatability and preventability of childhood autism: a survey of Nigerian healthcare workers' opinion . Annals of General Psychiatry, 8(1), 6. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/1744-859x-8-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2166683275
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. Mayada Elsabbagh , Gauri Divan , Yun‐Joo Koh , Young Shin Kim , Shuaib Kauchali , Carlos Marcín et al. (2012). Global Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders . Autism Research, 5(3), 160-179. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.239 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2098251401
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. A. J. Baxter , Traolach Brugha , H. E. Erskine , R. W. Scheurer , T. Vos , J. G. Scott (2015). The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders . Psychological Medicine, 45(3), 601-613. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s003329171400172x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2171607710
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Kiwi Tamasese , Carmel Peteru , Charles Waldegrave , Allister Bush (2005). Ole Taeao Afua, the New Morning: A Qualitative Investigation Into Samoan Perspectives on Mental Health and Culturally Appropriate Services . Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(4), 300-309. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01572.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2099675095
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Maureen S. Durkin , Mayada Elsabbagh , Josephine Barbaro , Melissa Gladstone , Francesca Happé , Rosa A. Hoekstra et al. (2015). Autism screening and diagnosis in low resource settings: Challenges and opportunities to enhance research and services worldwide . Autism Research, 8(5), 473-476. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1575 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2101840039
    Crossref OpenAlex
  23. Abdullah S. Bernier , Adam W. McCrimmon (2022). Attitudes and Perceptions of Muslim Parents Toward Their Children with Autism: a Systematic Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9(3), 320-333. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00256-9
    Crossref
  24. David S. Mandell , Richard F. Ittenbach , Susan E. Levy , Jennifer A. Pinto-Martin (2007). Disparities in Diagnoses Received Prior to a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(9), 1795-1802. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0314-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2122780702
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Bevan-Brown (2004). Māori perspectives of autistic spectrum disorder .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  26. Johnny L. Matson , Alison M. Kozlowski (2011). The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 418-425. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2170360510
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Lauren Bishop-Fitzpatrick , Amy J. H. Kind (2017). A Scoping Review of Health Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3380-3391. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3251-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2740425314
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Nicholas Bowden , Sheree Gibb , Richard Audas , Sally Clendon , Joanne Dacombe , Jesse Koka'ua et al. (2022). Association Between High-Need Education-Based Funding and School Suspension Rates for Autistic Students in New Zealand . JAMA Pediatrics, 176(7), 664. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1296 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4280549384
    Crossref OpenAlex
  29. Nicholas Bowden , Barry Milne , Richard Audas , Betony Clasby , Joanne Dacombe , Warren Forster et al. (2022). Criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism: A national birth cohort study in New Zealand . Autism, 26(7), 1783-1794. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211065541 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4200483217
    Crossref OpenAlex
  30. Nicholas Bowden , Hiran Thabrew , Jesse Koka'ua , Richard Audas , Barry Milne , Kirsten Smiler et al. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder/Takiwātanga: An Integrated Data Infrastructure-based approach to autism spectrum disorder research in New Zealand . Autism, 24(8), 2213-2227. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320939329 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3043799496
    Crossref OpenAlex
  31. Christina D. Kang-Yi , Roy Richard Grinker , Rinad Beidas , Aneeza Agha , Rachel Russell , Sandeep B. Shah et al. (2018). Influence of Community-Level Cultural Beliefs about Autism on Families’ and Professionals’ Care for Children . Transcultural Psychiatry, 55(5), 623-647. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1363461518779831 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2811185259
    Crossref OpenAlex
  32. Bramley (2005). Indigenous disparities in disease-specific mortality, a cross-country comparison: New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and the United States . New Zealand Medical Journal, 117(1207), U1215.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  33. Andrea C. Tricco , Erin Lillie , Wasifa Zarin , Kelly K. O'Brien , Heather Colquhoun , Danielle Levac et al. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation . Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467-473. American College of Physicians.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.7326/m18-0850 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2891378911
    Crossref OpenAlex
  34. Bruno (2023). Indigenous autism in Canada: A scoping review . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  35. Matthew J.F. Eggleston , Hiran Thabrew , Christopher M.A. Frampton , Katherine H.F. Eggleston , Shannon C. Hennig (2019). Obtaining an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and supports: New Zealand parents’ experiences . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 62, 18-25. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2019.02.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2919649605
    Crossref OpenAlex
  36. *Craig (2016). University of Otago . The Health of Pacific Children and Young People with Chronic conditions and disabilities in New Zealand.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  37. Diana Maree Kopua , Mark A Kopua , Patrick J Bracken (2020). Mahi a Atua: A Māori approach to mental health . Transcultural Psychiatry, 57(2), 375-383. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1363461519851606 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2946727622
    Crossref OpenAlex
  38. Chun-Ya Kuo (2020). Encounter mental health in Tuvalu: The prior study . Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54(2), 208-209. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0004867419872804 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2972860398
    Crossref OpenAlex
  39. *Drysdale (2020). Rates of autism spectrum disorder diagnoses for children and adolescents in the Hutt Valley Region of New Zealand between 2012 and 2016 . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 73.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  40. Anne de Leeuw , Francesca Happé , Rosa A. Hoekstra (2020). A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe . Autism Research, 13(7), 1029-1050. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2276 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3006691882
    Crossref OpenAlex
  41. Kathryn A. Smith , Jean-G. Gehricke , Suzannah Iadarola , Audrey Wolfe , Karen A. Kuhlthau (2020). Disparities in Service Use Among Children With Autism: A Systematic Review . Pediatrics, 145(Supplement_1), S35-S46. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1895g OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3014541161
    Crossref OpenAlex
  42. Matthew J. Maenner , Kelly A. Shaw , Jon Baio , EdS1 , Anita Washington , Mary Patrick et al. (2020). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 1-12. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3027179734
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Christina Fa’alogo-Lilo , Claire Cartwright (2021). Barriers and Supports Experienced by Pacific Peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Mental Health Services . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 52(8-9), 752-770. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/00220221211039885 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3198835611
    Crossref OpenAlex
  44. Foliaki (2001). Pacific mental health services and workforce: Moving on the blueprint .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  45. Jessica Tupou , Sally Curtis , Dorothy Taare-Smith , Ali Glasgow , Hannah Waddington (2021). Māori and autism: A scoping review . Autism, 25(7), 1844-1858. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211018649 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3164054252
    Crossref OpenAlex
  46. Freeth (2014). Autism across cultures: Perspectives from nonwestern cultures and implications for research .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  47. Xuping Gao , Yilu Zhao , Ning Wang , Li Yang (2022). Migration modulates the prevalence of ASD and ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis . BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 395-395. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04037-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4282582560
    Crossref OpenAlex
  48. Matthew J. Maenner , Kelly A. Shaw , Amanda V. Bakian , Deborah A. Bilder , Maureen S. Durkin , Amy Esler et al. (2021). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 70(11), 1-16. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3216151710
    Crossref OpenAlex
  49. Alison J. Gerlach , Amarens Matthiesen , Fiona J. Moola , Jackie Watts (2022). Autism and Autism Services with Indigenous Families and Children in the Settler-Colonial Context of Canada: A Critical Scoping Review . Canadian Journal of Disability Studies, 11(2), 1-39. University of Waterloo.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15353/cjds.v11i2.886 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4291000410
    Crossref OpenAlex
  50. Health Research Council of New Zealand (2003). Guidelines on Pacific health research .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  51. *James, K. P. (2021). Cultural Adaptations of Evidence-based Practices in Supporting Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska]. ScholarWorks University of Alaska. 〈 http://hdl.handle.net/11122/12303〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  52. *Kokaua (2023). Is parent education a factor in identifying autism/takiwātanga in an ethnic cohort of Pacific children in Aotearoa, New Zealand? A national cross-sectional study using linked administrative data . Autism The International Journal of Research and Practice.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  53. Troy Ruhe , Betty Kolose-Pulefolau , Siale Foliaki , Nicholas Bowden , Rosalina Richards , Jesse Koka'ua (2022). Examining case complexity among Pasifika with autism/Takiwātanga in Aotearoa New Zealand: a national cross-sectional study . Pacific Health Dialog, 21(10), 673-682. Pasifika Medical Association.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.26635/phd.2024.144 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4313547801
    Crossref OpenAlex
  54. Matthew J. Maenner , Zachary Warren , Ashley Robinson Williams , Esther Amoakohene , Amanda V. Bakian , Deborah A. Bilder et al. (2023). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 72(2), 1-14. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4360600181
    Crossref OpenAlex
  55. Eric Rubenstein , Salina Tewolde , Amy Michals , Matthew Fox , Na Wang (2023). Prevalence of Autism Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adults . JAMA Psychiatry, 80(12), 1284. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.3708 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4387327199
    Crossref OpenAlex
  56. Kupa Kupa (2009). Te Vaka Atafaga: A Tokelau assessment model for supporting holistic mental health practice with Tokelau people in Aotearoa, New Zealand . Pacific Health Dialog, 15(1), 156.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  57. Lies Van Den Plas , Gert-Jan Vanaken , Jean Steyaert , Kristien Hens , Ilse Noens (2024). Towards a neurodiversity-affirmative conceptualisation of psycho-education in the context of autism . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 114, 102391. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102391 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4394903466
    Crossref OpenAlex
  58. Lau (2024). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders among indigenous children .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  59. *Liu (2023). Racial and ethnic disparities in geographic access to autism resources across the US . JAMA Network Open, 6(1).
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  60. *Malaelu (2023). vĀsifika: Our autism journeys .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  61. *Masi (2022). Experiences of Pasifika mothers’ caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder [Bachelor with Honours dissertation, Auckland University of Technology] . The AUT Research Repository Tuwhera.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  62. Maua-Hodges (2000). Ako pai ki aitutaki: Transporting or weaving cultures: Research report of field experiences to the Cook Islands .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  63. *Mauigoa-Tekene (2013). Understanding special education from the perspectives of Pasifika families: Report to the Ministry of Education .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  64. *Ministry for Pacific Peoples (2020). Pacific Aotearoa status report: A snapshot. 〈 https://www.mpp.govt.nz/assets/Reports/Pacific-Peoples-in-Aotearoa-Report.pdf〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  65. Ministry of Health (1995). Pacific Islands Peoples’ understanding of mental health. Strategic directions for the mental health services for Pacific Islands people .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  66. Ministry of Health (2020). ’Ola Manuia: Pacific Health and Wellbeing Action Plan 2020-2025 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  67. *Ministry of Health. (2022). Demographic report of disabled people accessing Manatū Hauora (the Ministry of Health) disability support services. 〈 https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/demographicreport2020_21_nov_v3.pdf〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  68. Ministry of Health (2023). Autism Spectrum Disorder (diagnosed, includes Asperger Syndrome) in children aged 2-14 years .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  69. *Nafatali (2023). E lē Ma’i, o le Malosi!” (He’s not Sick, He’s Strong!): Pacific Parents’ Journey of Raising Autistic Children in Aotearoa [Doctoral dissertation, Massey University] .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  70. *Page (2018). Teacher aides' views and experiences on the inclusion of students with Autism: Perspectives across two countries . International Education Journal Comparative Perspectives, 17(2), 60.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  71. Salesa (2017). Island time: New Zealand’s Pacific futures .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  72. *Simpson (2018). The health of children and young people with chronic conditions and disabilities in New Zealand 2016 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  73. Stats NZ(2024). 2023 Census National and Regional Data [Data set]. 〈 https://www.stats.govt.nz/infographics/2023-census-national-and-regional-data/#:~:text=Pacific%20peoples%3A%20442%2C632%20(8 . 9%25,%2C%20%2B21. 8%25%20since%202018)〉.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  74. (n.d.). Te Kōpapa Reo Māori Kūki ‘Airani (2024, Jul 26). Te Kopapa Reo Māori members have come up with a Cook Islands name for AUTISM that closely resembles the NZ… [Image attached] [Facebook post]. Facebook. 〈 https://www.facebook.com/TKRM03/posts/pfbid02WXXUUiPABwfd8ZoNx3KWbJk7aDN8LJ4HKjsyWYU7gyeyXGUyxE4rjYpjm4g12SGrl?rdid=cdvFQbJYwM1qKqgD〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  75. Te Pou o te Whakaaro Nui (2010). Talking therapies for Pasifika Peoples: Best and promising practice guide for mental health and addiction services. 〈 https://d2ew8vb2gktr0m.cloudfront.net/files/resources/Talking-Therapies-for-Pasifika-Peoples-1.pdf〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  76. Te Pou o te Whakaaro Nui (2019). Te tau tītoki: A framework for supporting people on the autism spectrum. 〈 https://d2ew8vb2gktr0m.cloudfront.net/files/resources/Te-Tau-Titoki-autism-framework.pdf〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  77. Tiatia (2008). Pacific Cultural Competencies: A literature review .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  78. Tu’itahi (2007). Fonua: A model for Pacific health promotion . Hauora A Newsletter of the Health promotion Forum, 8.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  79. Tupai-Firestone (2016). Understanding Pasifika youth and the obesogenic environment, Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand . The New Zealand Medical Journal, 129(1434), 23.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  80. U. S. Census Bureau. (2021). Race and ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census [Data set]. 〈 https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  81. Vaioleti (2006). Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research . Waikato Journal of Education, 12.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  82. *Whaikaha - Ministry of Disabled People and Ministry of Education. (2022). Aotearoa New Zealand Autism Guideline: He Waka Huia Takiwātanga Rau: Third edition. https://www.whaikaha.govt.nz/assets/Autism-Guideline/Aotearoa-New-Zealand-Autism-Guideline-Third-Edition.pdf〉 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  83. Wilson (2011). Autism spectrum disorder in Australian Indigenous families: Issues of diagnosis, support and funding . Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, 35(5), 17.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  84. Young (2022). The revitalised Fonofale as a research paradigm: A perspective on Pacific sexuality and reproduction research . Pacific Dynamics, 6(2), 186.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  85. Zhang (2024). A systematic review: Factors related to culturally and linguistically diverse minority parents’ service decisions for their children with autism spectrum disorder . Review Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders.
    Type: Other
    Crossref