Sex differences in social attention in autism spectrum disorder

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Harrop, C., Jones, D., Zheng, S., Nowell, S. W., Boyd, B. A., & Sasson, N. (2018). Sex differences in social attention in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(9), 1264-1275. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1997

Publication date: 1 Sep 2018 Added to AutiHub: 23 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Clare Harrop
  2. Desiree Jones *
  3. Shuting Zheng
  1. Sallie W. Nowell
  2. Brian A. Boyd
  3. Noah Sasson

Abstract

Although reduced social attention and increased nonsocial attention have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the studies have relied on predominantly male samples and have been underpowered to examine sex differences. These processes may differ for females with ASD, who have been shown to be dissimilar to males in social motivation and nonsocial features, including circumscribed interests (CI). The goal of this study was to compare social and nonsocial visual attention between males and females with ASD on a validated eye‐tracking paradigm. Eighty‐five school‐aged (6–10 years) males and females with and without ASD completed a paired preference task of face and object stimuli (half of which related to common CI). After covarying for chronological and mental age, the presence of concurrently presented CI images reduced prioritization and attention to faces for males more than females, replicating previous findings. ASD females maintained comparable attention patterns to typically developing females, suggesting that previous findings of reduced social attention and increased attention to CI‐related objects in autism may be specific to males. These findings are also inconsistent with the “extreme male brain” theory of autism. The more normative orienting and attention to social stimuli for females with ASD may indicate distinct phenotypic characteristics relative to males and possibly serve as a protective effect. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1264–1275. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary As autism is more commonly diagnosed in males, less is known about females with autism. Two areas of interest include the interests held by individuals with autism and how socially motivated they are. We used eye tracking as a way to understand these two areas. Our data reveal that elementary school‐aged females (6–10 years) with autism attended to faces comparatively to females without autism, suggesting that (1) they were more socially motivated than males with autism and (2) the images of common interests were less motivating to them.

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Cited references
55
With a DOI
50
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
5
0 / 55 (0.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 55 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
55 / 55 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
5
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
2
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
248
From DOI or external metadata
248
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
89 / 248 (35.9%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 159 / 248 (64.1%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
0 / 248 (0.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 0 / 89 (0.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 0 / 198 (0.0%).
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