Development of the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities

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Lecavalier, L., Bodfish, J., Harrop, C., Whitten, A., Jones, D., Pritchett, J., Faldowski, R., & Boyd, B. A. (2020). Development of the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities. Autism Research, 13(3), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2257

Publication date: 6 Jan 2020 Added to AutiHub: 23 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
8
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 8 (12.5%)
  1. Luc Lecavalier
  2. James Bodfish
  3. Clare Harrop
  4. Allison Whitten
  1. Desiree Jones *
  2. Jill Pritchett
  3. Richard Faldowski
  4. Brian A. Boyd

Abstract

Behavior inflexibility (BI) refers to rigid patterns of behavior that contrast with the need to be adaptable to changing environmental demands. We developed a parent‐reported outcome measure of BI for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities with a multi‐step iterative process. A pool of 62 candidate items was generated through expert panel feedback, review of existing scales and focus groups. A consensus process was used to generate the final 38 items. Parents of 943 children (age range, 3–18 years; average, 11.4 years; 79% boys) with ASD completed an online survey. One hundred thirty‐three parents rated their child twice within 3 weeks (average = 16.5 days). A series of factor analyses suggested that the 38 items measured a single construct. Scores had a weak correlation with level of functioning (−0.12) and did not differ based on sex. Scores had a negligible correlation with age (−0.07), although measurement invariance was not supported. The mean total score for the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale (BIS) was normally distributed. Internal consistency was α = 0.97 and temporal stability was r = 0.92. Correlations with parent ratings on the subscales of the Repetitive Behavior Scale—Revised varied from 0.48 to 0.89. The correlation with parent ratings on the Social Communication Questionnaire total score was 0.52. Our data show that BI in children with ASD ranges significantly from mild to severe and that the 38‐item BIS is valid and reliable. Autism Res 2020, 13: 489–499. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We developed a parent‐completed rating scale of behavior inflexibility (BI) for children with developmental disabilities using a multistep process. The Behavioral Inflexibility Scale (BIS) contains 38 questions rated on a 6‐point scale. Parents of 943 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) completed an online survey. We examined associations between the BIS and other scales and demographic variables. The BIS is valid and reliable. BI in children with ASD ranges from mild to severe.

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68
With a DOI
57
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10
0 / 68 (0.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
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1 / 68 (1.5%)
References with detected author names
67 / 68 (98.5%)
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9
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1
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3
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Author names detected in the cited bibliography
357
From DOI or external metadata
357
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
1
95 / 357 (26.6%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 262 / 357 (73.4%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
0 / 357 (0.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 0 / 95 (0.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 0 / 261 (0.0%).
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