Empathy Measurement in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: A COSMIN Systematic Literature Review

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Harrison, J., Brownlow, C., Ireland, M. J., & Piovesana, A. M. (2020). Empathy Measurement in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: A COSMIN Systematic Literature Review. Assessment, 29(2), 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191120964564

Publication date: 17 Oct 2020 Added to AutiHub: 5 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Jessica Harrison *
  2. Charlotte Brownlow
  3. Michael J. Ireland
  4. Adina M. Piovesana

Abstract

Empathy is essential for social functioning and is relevant to a host of clinical conditions. This COSMIN review evaluated the empirical support for empathy self-report measures used with autistic and nonautistic adults. Given autism is characterized by social differences, it is the subject of a substantial proportion of empathy research. Therefore, this review uses autism as a lens through which to scrutinize the psychometric quality of empathy measures. Of the 19 measures identified, five demonstrated “High-Quality” evidence for “Insufficient” properties and cannot be recommended. The remaining 14 had noteworthy gaps in evidence and require further evaluation before use with either group. Without tests of measurement invariance or differential item functioning, the extent to which observed group differences represent actual trait differences remains unknown. Using autism as a test case highlights an alarming tendency for empathy measures to be used to characterize, and potentially malign vulnerable populations before sufficient validation.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 17 Oct 2026 01:28.

Cited references
78
With a DOI
63
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
14
1 / 78 (1.3%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
10 / 78 (12.8%)
References with detected author names
68 / 78 (87.2%)
Without detected author names
10
Without a structured title
10
Without a stable identifier
14
References with raw author names still to review
10
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
242
From DOI or external metadata
242
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
13
32 / 242 (13.2%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 210 / 242 (86.8%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
1 / 242 (0.4%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 1 / 32 (3.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 212 (0.5%).
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