Policy Entrepreneurs and Policy Change When Politicians Are Absent: The Inclusion of Autistic Individuals in Armed Forces

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Kizel, B. & Cohen, N. (2026). Policy Entrepreneurs and Policy Change When Politicians Are Absent: The Inclusion of Autistic Individuals in Armed Forces. Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.70093

Publication date: 6 Sep 2026 Added to AutiHub: 16 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)
  1. Ben Kizel *
  2. Nissim Cohen

Abstract

ABSTRACT How do policy entrepreneurs change policy when politicians are not directly involved in the process? While public policy scholars have examined the conditions under which politicians refrain from direct engagement in policy design, they have paid less attention to the strategies policy entrepreneurs employ in the absence of political actors. Drawing on textual analysis and 30 in‐depth interviews with members of the “Roim Rachok” (“Looking Ahead”) program, which facilitates the inclusion of individuals on the autism spectrum in the Israel Defense Forces as a case study, we addressed this lacuna by exploring how policy entrepreneurs independently advance policy change. The findings suggest that the policy entrepreneurs operated through institutionalized collaborative networks. They also leveraged Israel's security challenges as a structured framework for promoting their new policy. In addition, they created an organizational infrastructure. Finally, they focused on establishing trust with the security organizations with whom they collaborated.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 19 Sep 2026 01:01.

Cited references
105
With a DOI
85
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
20
1 / 105 (1.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 105 (1.0%)
References with detected author names
104 / 105 (99.0%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
20
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
239
From DOI or external metadata
239
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
36 / 239 (15.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 203 / 239 (84.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
4 / 239 (1.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 4 / 36 (11.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 4 / 207 (1.9%).
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