APOE ε4-Allele in Middle-Aged and Older Autistic Adults: Associations with Verbal Learning and Memory

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Harker, S. A., Al-Hassan, L., Huentelman, M. J., Braden, B. B., & Lewis, C. R. (2023). APOE ε4-Allele in Middle-Aged and Older Autistic Adults: Associations with Verbal Learning and Memory. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(21), 15988. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115988

Publication date: 5 Nov 2023 Added to AutiHub: 14 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. Samantha A. Harker *
  2. Lamees Al-Hassan
  3. Matthew J. Huentelman
  4. B. Blair Braden
  5. Candace R. Lewis

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability and recent evidence suggests that autistic adults are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (Alz) and other dementias compared to neurotypical (NT) adults. The ε4-allele of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alz and negatively impacts cognition in middle-aged and older (MA+) adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of the APOE ε4-allele on verbal learning and memory in MA+ autistic adults (ages 40–71 years) compared to matched NT adults. Using the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), we found that ε4 carriers performed worse on short-term memory and verbal learning across diagnosis groups, but there was no interaction with diagnosis. In exploratory analyses within sex and diagnosis groups, only autistic men carrying APOE ε4 showed worse verbal learning (p = 0.02), compared to autistic men who were not carriers. Finally, the APOE ε4-allele did not significantly affect long-term memory in this sample. These findings replicate previous work indicating that the APOE ε4-allele negatively impacts short-term memory and verbal learning in MA+ adults and presents new preliminary findings that MA+ autistic men may be vulnerable to the effects of APOE ε4 on verbal learning. Future work with a larger sample is needed to determine if autistic women may also be vulnerable.

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Cited references
62
With a DOI
56
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
5
0 / 62 (0.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
4 / 62 (6.5%)
References with detected author names
58 / 62 (93.5%)
Without detected author names
4
Without a structured title
4
Without a stable identifier
4
References with raw author names still to review
4
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
679
From DOI or external metadata
679
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
8
56 / 679 (8.2%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 623 / 679 (91.8%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
0 / 679 (0.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 0 / 56 (0.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 0 / 599 (0.0%).
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