Scientific Perspectivism and psychiatric diagnoses: respecting history and constraining relativism

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Fellowes, S. (2020). Scientific Perspectivism and psychiatric diagnoses: respecting history and constraining relativism. European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-020-00320-x

Publication date: 27 Oct 2020 Added to AutiHub: 14 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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  1. Sam Fellowes *

Abstract

Abstract Historians and sociologists of psychiatry often claim that psychiatric diagnoses are discontinuous. That is, a particular diagnoses will be described in one way in one era and described quite differently in a different era. Historians and sociologists often draw epistemic consequences from such discontinuities, claiming that truth is pluralistic, provisional and historicised. These arguments do not readily fit in with how analytical philosophers of science approach scientific realism. I show how the pessimistic meta induction does not capture the point which historians and sociologists are making but scientific perspectivism seems to capture their point much better. I then highlight conceptual innovations which scientific perspectivists add. They demarcate between truth and objective reality, they specify which type of truth they endorse and they put down constraints on possible truths. This blocks an anything goes relativism which historians and sociologists can be in danger of falling into. I highlight my argument by discussing a discontinuous episode in the history of autism. I discuss three aspects of this discontinuity and show how scientific perspectivism can portray each aspect as non-trivially true. My argument shows that we can be scientific realists about autism even if we can formulate notions of autism in quite different ways.

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Cited references
122
With a DOI
86
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29
6 / 122 (4.9%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
23 / 122 (18.9%)
References with detected author names
105 / 122 (86.1%)
Without detected author names
17
Without a structured title
20
Without a stable identifier
28
References with raw author names still to review
14
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
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Author names detected in the cited bibliography
197
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197
From validated raw bibliography text
0
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0
Raw names still to review
17
39 / 197 (19.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 158 / 197 (80.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
9 / 197 (4.6%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 9 / 39 (23.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 5 / 175 (2.9%).
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