“I Hadn't Thought About That”: Creators of Human-like AI Weigh in on Ethics & Neurodivergence

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Rizvi, N., Smith, T., Vidyala, T., Bolds, M., Strickland, H., Begel, A., Williams, A., & Munyaka, I. (2025). “I Hadn't Thought About That”: Creators of Human-like AI Weigh in on Ethics & Neurodivergence. Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 3385-3399. https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732218

Publication date: 23 Jun 2025 Added to AutiHub: 9 Aug 2026 Type: Other Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
8
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 8 (12.5%)
  1. Naba Rizvi
  2. Taggert Smith
  3. Tanvi Vidyala
  4. Mya Bolds
  1. Harper Strickland
  2. Andrew Begel
  3. Anna Williams *
  4. Imani Munyaka

Abstract

Human-like AI agents such as robots and chatbots are becoming increasingly popular, but they present a variety of ethical concerns.The first concern is in how we define humanness, and how our definition impacts communities historically dehumanized by scientific research.Autistic people in particular have been dehumanized by being compared to robots, making it even more important to ensure this marginalization is not reproduced by AI that may promote neuronormative social behaviors.Second, the ubiquitous use of these agents raises concerns surrounding model biases and accessibility.In our work, we investigate the experiences of the people who build and design these technologies to gain insights into their understanding and acceptance of neurodivergence, and the challenges in making their work more accessible to users with diverse needs.Even though neurodivergent individuals are often marginalized for their unique communication styles, nearly all participants overlooked the conclusions their end-users and other AI system makers may draw about communication norms from the implementation and interpretation of humanness applied in participants' work.This highlights a major gap in their broader ethical considerations, compounded by some participants' neuronormative assumptions about the behaviors and traits that distinguish "humans" from "bots" and the replication of these assumptions in their work.We examine the impact this may have on autism inclusion in society and provide recommendations for additional systemic changes towards more ethical research directions.

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Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 10 / 55 (18.2%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 9 / 249 (3.6%).
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45 / 55 (81.8%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 45 / 256 (17.6%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 40 / 49 (81.6%).
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