Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence

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Houck, A. P., Richards, J. K., Day, T. C., Goodwill, J. J., Hauschild, K. M., Malik, I., & Lerner, M. D. (2025). Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 22850-22850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04801-y

Publication date: 2 Jul 2025 Added to AutiHub: 8 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)
  1. Abigail P. Houck
  2. Jared K. Richards *
  3. Talena C. Day
  4. Janelle J. Goodwill
  1. Kathryn M. Hauschild
  2. Isha Malik
  3. Matthew D Lerner

Abstract

Passing as non-autistic (PAN) is the phenomenon by which an autistic person does not present as autistic in certain contexts. Despite a proliferation of research on the construct on PAN, no study has yet examined the neurocognitive processes implicated in PAN. This study examined two well-characterized event-related potentials (ERPs) often associated with autism - the N170 and the Late Positive Potential (LPP) - in response to faces as putative mechanisms of PAN. Participants were 44 community-recruited youth (M age = 13.36, N male = 30) who completed a facial emotion recognition task during EEG recording. PAN was operationalized using best practices (moderation) for calculating the discrepancy between community informant (parent and teacher) and clinician-reported autism symptoms. Results reveal a substantial proportion (approximately 44%) of the community-recruited adolescent sample met criteria for PAN. This status was associated with faster N170 latency to faces, and attenuated LPP amplitude to facial emotions, particularly subtle facial emotions. Findings suggest autistic adolescents who PAN may have more efficient automatic process of, and reduced reactivity to, social stimuli. This study provides the first direct test of a potential neurocognitive mechanism of PAN, supporting emotion regulation-mediated PAN models.

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Cited references
78
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
3 / 78 (3.8%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
3 / 340 (0.9%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 3 / 102 (2.9%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 3 / 272 (1.1%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
102 / 340 (30.0%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 57 / 272 (21.0%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
99 / 102 (97.1%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 99 / 340 (29.1%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 54 / 57 (94.7%).
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