Embracing Neurodiversity in Medicine—Building a More Inclusive Physician Workforce

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Hamilton, R. H., Williams, Z. J., & Brodkin, E. S. (2025). Embracing Neurodiversity in Medicine—Building a More Inclusive Physician Workforce. JAMA, 333(12), 1030. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.0094

Publication date: 19 Feb 2025 Added to AutiHub: 7 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
3
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 3 (33.3%)
  1. Roy H. Hamilton
  2. Zachary J. Williams *
  3. Edward S. Brodkin

Abstract

This Viewpoint discusses advancing physician workforce diversity via neurodiversity, the range of developmental neurocognitive differences that underlie individual variation in thinking, learning, and behavior.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:31.

Cited references
10
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
1 / 10 (10.0%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
3 / 20 (15.0%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 3 / 7 (42.9%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 3 / 20 (15.0%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
7 / 20 (35.0%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 7 / 20 (35.0%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
4 / 7 (57.1%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 4 / 20 (20.0%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 4 / 7 (57.1%).
1 cited bibliography entry could not be fully enriched from DOI metadata.
Crossref: not found (1)
  1. Brian D Smedley , Adrienne Y Stith , Lois Colburn , Clyde H Evans (2001). The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in Health Professions -- Summary of the Symposium on Diversity in Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D. National Academy Press.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.13016/wgfw-zgvz OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1574133143 Crossref: not found
    OpenAlex
  2. H. Holden Thorp (2024). Science needs neurodiversity . Science, 384(6694), 365-365. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1126/science.adq0060 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4395447723
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. A T. McLellan , G. S Skipper , M. Campbell , R. L DuPont (2008). Five year outcomes in a cohort study of physicians treated for substance use disorders in the United States . BMJ, 337(nov04 1), a2038-a2038. BMJ.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a2038 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2005062998
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Nancy Doyle (2020). Neurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model and the impact on working adults . British Medical Bulletin, 135(1), 108-125. Oxford University Press (OUP).
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    Type: Book DOI: 10.1515/9781400830282 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4246864588
    OpenAlex
  7. Sara Woods (2026). Why We Need More Autistic Health Care Professionals and How to Support Them . Autism in Adulthood, 8(1), 5-13. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2023.0099 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4399774840
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Page (2007). The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies (New Edition) . The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies (New Edition).
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  9. Darling-Hammond (2001). The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions: Summary of the Symposium on Diversity in Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, MD . The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions: Summary of the Symposium on Diversity in Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, MD.
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    Crossref
  10. (n.d.). Urban Universities for HEALTH. Holistic admissions in the health professions: findings from a national survey. Accessed November 12, 2024. https://www.aplu.org/wp-content/uploads/holistic-admissions-in-the-health-professions.pdf
    Type: Other
    Crossref