Connectivite laterale atypique : une base neuronale pour un traitement visuospatial modifie dans l'autisme

Titre original en anglais : Atypical Lateral Connectivity: A Neural Basis for Altered Visuospatial Processing in Autism

Sources de métadonnées utilisées pour cette référence

OpenAlex Crossref PubMed OpenCitations
En savoir plus sur les sources utilisées

Kéïta, L., Mottron, L., Dawson, M., & Bertone, A. (2011). Atypical Lateral Connectivity: A Neural Basis for Altered Visuospatial Processing in Autism. Biological Psychiatry, 70(9), 806-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.031

Date de publication: 10/09/2011 Ajout dans AutiHub: 03/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source OpenAlex Source éditeur (DOI)

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Luc Kéïta
  2. Laurent Mottron
  3. Michelle Dawson *
  4. Armando Bertone

Résumé

CONTEXTE : La perception autistique comprend a la fois des performances inferieures et superieures dans differents types de taches visuospatiales. Des modeles neurocognitifs influents pertinents pour la perception atypique (c'est-a-dire, faible coherence centrale, fonctionnement perceptif ameliore) peuvent, a des degres divers, rendre compte de ces resultats. Cependant, les fondements neuronaux qui medient la perception visuospatiale autistique atypique restent a elucider. METHODES : Dans la presente etude, nous avons utilise un paradigme de masquage lateral pour evaluer l'integrite fonctionnelle des interactions laterales mediant le traitement de l'information visuospatiale dans les aires visuelles precoces chez des observateurs autistiques (n = 18) et non autistiques (n = 15). Les seuils de detection ont ete mesures pour des cibles de Gabor presentees centralement, flanquees de maniere colineaire a differentes distances (experience 1) et flanquees orthogonalement a differents contrastes (experience 2). RESULTATS : Les groupes autistique et non autistique ont montre une sensibilite accrue a la cible lorsque la distance entre les cibles colineaires et les flanqueurs etait faible (3 lambda), mais non lorsqu'elle etait grande (6 lambda). Cependant, l'effet de facilitation a courte distance etait significativement plus important pour le groupe autistique. En outre, nous avons observe un effet du contraste specifique au groupe : dans le groupe autistique, la sensibilite a la cible etait amelioree par de faibles contrastes des flanqueurs correspondant a des differences de luminance de 5 % et de 10 %, tandis que, pour le groupe non autistique, cet effet ne survenait qu'a un contraste de 10 %. CONCLUSIONS : Ces resultats soutiennent l'idee que la perception visuospatiale atypique dans l'autisme pourrait provenir d'une connectivite laterale modifiee au sein des aires visuelles primaires, affectant differemment la perception aux niveaux les plus precoces de l'extraction des caracteristiques.

BACKGROUND: Autistic perception encompasses both inferior and superior performance on different types of visuospatial tasks. Influential neurocognitive models relevant to atypical perception (i.e., weak central coherence, enhanced perceptual functioning) can, to differing degrees, account for these findings. However, the neural underpinnings mediating atypical visuospatial autistic perception have yet to be elucidated. METHODS: In the present study, we used a lateral masking paradigm to assess the functional integrity of lateral interactions mediating visuospatial information processing within early visual areas of autistic (n = 18) and nonautistic (n = 15) observers. Detection thresholds were measured for centrally presented Gabor targets flanked collinearly at different distances (experiment 1) and flanked orthogonally at different contrasts (experiment 2). RESULTS: Autistic and nonautistic groups showed increased target sensitivity when the distance between collinear targets and flankers was small (3 lambda) but not large (6 lambda). However, the effect of small-distance facilitation was significantly greater for the autistic group. In addition, we observed a group-specific effect of contrast: in the autistic group, target sensitivity was enhanced by low flanker contrasts of both 5% and 10% luminance difference, whereas for the nonautistic group, this effect occurred at 10% contrast only. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the idea that atypical visuospatial perception in autism may originate from altered lateral connectivity within primary visual areas, differentially affecting perception at the earliest levels of feature extraction.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
65
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
3 / 65 (4,6 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
3 / 226 (1,3 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 3 / 48 (6,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 162 (0,6 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
48 / 226 (21,2 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 24 / 162 (14,8 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
45 / 48 (93,8 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 45 / 226 (19,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 23 / 24 (95,8 %).
  1. Uri Polat , Keiko Mizobe , Mark W. Pettet , Takuji Kasamatsu , Anthony M. Norcia (1998). Collinear stimuli regulate visual responses depending on cell's contrast threshold . Nature, 391(6667), 580-584. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/35372 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1504757957
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  2. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders .
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  3. SZABOLCS KÉRI , OGUZ KELEMEN , GYÖRGY BENEDEK , ZOLTÁN JANKA (2005). Lateral interactions in the visual cortex of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder . Psychological Medicine, 35(7), 1043-1051. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291705004381 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2003742768
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. J. L. R. Rubenstein , M. M. Merzenich (2003). Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems . Genes, Brain and Behavior, 2(5), 255-267. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00037.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1541267199
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Anita Must , Zoltán Janka , György Benedek , Szabolcs Kéri (2004). Reduced facilitation effect of collinear flankers on contrastdetection reveals impaired lateral connectivity in the visual cortex of schizophrenia patients . Neuroscience Letters, 357(2), 131-134. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.046 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1979730475
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Cong Yu , Dennis M. Levi (2000). Surround modulation in human vision unmasked by masking experiments . Nature Neuroscience, 3(7), 724-728. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/76687 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1552469029
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Uri Polat , Christopher W. Tyler (1999). What pattern the eye sees best . Vision Research, 39(5), 887-895. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00245-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1998718390
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. BARBARA ZENGER , DOV SAGI (1996). Isolating Excitatory and Inhibitory Nonlinear Spatial Interactions Involved in Contrast Detection . Vision Research, 36(16), 2497-2513. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00303-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1583403870
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. David R. Simmons , Ashley Robertson , Lawrie S. McKay , Erin Toal , Phil McAleer , Frank E. Pollick (2009). Vision in autism spectrum disorders . Vision Research, 49(22), 2705-2739. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1982518229
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Catherine Lord , Michael Rutter , Ann Le Couteur (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(5), 659-685. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/bf02172145 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1980309199
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Elliot Freeman , Dov Sagi , Jon Driver (2001). Lateral interactions between targets and flankers in low-level vision depend on attention to the flankers . Nature Neuroscience, 4(10), 1032-1036. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/nn728 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1601034071
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. M BEHRMANN , C THOMAS , K HUMPHREYS (2006). Seeing it differently: visual processing in autism . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(6), 258-264. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2048911223
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Mitesh K. Kapadia , Gerald Westheimer , Charles D. Gilbert (2000). Spatial Distribution of Contextual Interactions in Primary Visual Cortex and in Visual Perception . Journal of Neurophysiology, 84(4), 2048-2062. American Physiological Society.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.2048 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2156423697
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. CD Gilbert , TN Wiesel (1989). Columnar specificity of intrinsic horizontal and corticocortical connections in cat visual cortex . The Journal of Neuroscience, 9(7), 2432-2442. Society for Neuroscience.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.09-07-02432.1989 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1672439543
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Armando Bertone , Julie Hanck , Cary Kogan , Avi Chaudhuri , Kim Cornish (2010). Using Perceptual Signatures to Define and Dissociate Condition-Specific Neural Etiology: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome as Model Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(12), 1531-1540. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1109-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2048281777
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Uri Polat , Dov Sagi (1993). Lateral interactions between spatial channels: Suppression and facilitation revealed by lateral masking experiments . Vision Research, 33(7), 993-999. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(93)90081-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2149316826
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Anna Franklin , Paul Sowden , Leslie Notman , Melissa Gonzalez‐Dixon , Dorotea West , Iona Alexander et al. (2010). Reduced chromatic discrimination in children with autism spectrum disorders . Developmental Science, 13(1), 188-200. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00869.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1960075248
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Armando Bertone , Jocelyn Faubert (2003). How is complex second-order motion processed? Vision Research, 43(25), 2591-2601. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00465-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2031086152
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Mark Tommerdahl , Vinay Tannan , Jameson K Holden , Grace T. Baranek (2008). Absence of stimulus-driven synchronization effects on sensory perception in autism: Evidence for local underconnectivity? Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4(1), 19. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-4-19 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2123193825
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. URI POLAT , DOV SAGI , ANTHONY M NORCIA (1997). Abnormal Long-range Spatial Interactions in Amblyopia . Vision Research, 37(6), 737-744. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00154-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1965057900
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. M. W. G. Vandenbroucke , H. S. Scholte , H. van Engeland , V. A. F. Lamme , C. Kemner (2008). A neural substrate for atypical low-level visual processing in autism spectrum disorder . Brain, 131(4), 1013-1024. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm321 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2125615718
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Chien-Chung Chen , Christopher W. Tyler (2001). Lateral sensitivity modulation explains the flanker effect in contrast discrimination . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268(1466), 509-516. The Royal Society.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1387 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2005843950
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Fabienne Samson , Laurent Mottron , Boutheina Jemel , Pascal Belin , Valter Ciocca (2006). Can Spectro-Temporal Complexity Explain the Autistic Pattern of Performance on Auditory Tasks? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 65-76. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-0043-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2101230918
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. U Polat , D Sagi (1994). Spatial interactions in human vision: from near to farvia experience-dependent cascades of connections. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(4), 1206-1209. National Academy of Sciences.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1206 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1986082632
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Francesca Happé (1999). Autism: cognitive deficit or cognitive style? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(6), 216-222. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01318-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2064254171
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Francesca Happé , Uta Frith (2006). The Weak Coherence Account: Detail-focused Cognitive Style in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5-25. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2162512585
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. M. Tommerdahl , V. Tannan , Carissa J. Cascio , Grace T. Baranek , B.L. Whitsel (2007). Vibrotactile adaptation fails to enhance spatial localization in adults with autism . Brain Research, 1154, 116-123. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.032 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1986515903
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Gunter Loffler (2008). Perception of contours and shapes: Low and intermediate stage mechanisms . Vision Research, 48(20), 2106-2127. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.03.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2082761557
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Uri Polat , Dov Sagi (1994). The architecture of perceptual spatial interactions . Vision Research, 34(1), 73-78. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(94)90258-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1988773134
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Francesca Happé , Rhonda D. L. Booth (2008). The Power of the Positive: Revisiting Weak Coherence in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(1), 50-63. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17470210701508731 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1997357666
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Uri Polat , Dov Sagi (2006). Temporal asymmetry of collinear lateral interactions . Vision Research, 46(6-7), 953-960. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.031 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2019138157
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Fabienne Samson , Laurent Mottron , Isabelle Soulières , Thomas A. Zeffiro (2012). Enhanced visual functioning in autism: An ALE meta‐analysis . Human Brain Mapping, 33(7), 1553-1581. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21307 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2057911790
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Lennart Gustafsson (2004). Comment on “Disruption in the Inhibitory Architecture of the Cell Minicolumn: Implications for Autism” . The Neuroscientist, 10(3), 189-191. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1073858404263493 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2126314816
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Armando Bertone , Laurent Mottron , Patricia Jelenic , Jocelyn Faubert (2005). Enhanced and diminished visuo-spatial information processing in autism depends on stimulus complexity . Brain, 128(10), 2430-2441. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh561 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2171446821
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Luc Kéïta , Laurent Mottron , Armando Bertone (2010). Far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism: Do we need to focus on crowding? Autism Research, 3(6), 333-341. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.164 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1998833118
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Manuel F. Casanova , Daniel P. Buxhoeveden , Caroline Brown (2002). Clinical and Macroscopic Correlates of Minicolumnar Pathology in Autism . Journal of Child Neurology, 17(9), 692-695. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/088307380201700908 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2001627723
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Martin Stemmler , Marius Usher , Ernst Niebur (1995). Lateral Interactions in Primary Visual Cortex: A Model Bridging Physiology and Psychophysics . Science, 269(5232), 1877-1880. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1126/science.7569930 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2045014974
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. J. H. Yoon , A. S. Rokem , M. A. Silver , M. J. Minzenberg , S. Ursu , J. D. Ragland et al. (2009). Diminished Orientation-Specific Surround Suppression of Visual Processing in Schizophrenia . Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35(6), 1078-1084. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp064 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2159694863
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Shashaank Vattikuti , Carson C. Chow (2010). A Computational Model for Cerebral Cortical Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Biological Psychiatry, 67(7), 672-678. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2005753576
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Uri Polat , Dov Sagi (2007). The relationship between the subjective and objective aspects of visual filling-in . Vision Research, 47(18), 2473-2481. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.06.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2064709096
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. URI POLAT , ANTHONY M NORCIA (1996). Neurophysiological Evidence for Contrast Dependent Long-range Facilitation and Suppression in the Human Visual Cortex . Vision Research, 36(14), 2099-2109. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00281-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2005956130
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Cathleen Schütze , Ines Bongard , Sonja Marbach , Andreas Brand , Michael H. Herzog (2007). Collinear contextual suppression in schizophrenic patients . Psychiatry Research, 150(3), 237-243. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.03.021 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2006140411
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. C. Yu , S. A. Klein , D. M. Levi (2002). Facilitation of contrast detection by cross-oriented surround stimuli and its psychophysical mechanisms . Journal of Vision, 2(3), 4-4. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1167/2.3.4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2114960337
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Lewis O. Harvey (1997). Efficient estimation of sensory thresholds with ML-PEST . Spatial Vision, 11(1), 121-128. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1163/156856897x00159 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2017086147
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Mitesh K. Kapadia , Minami Ito , Charles D. Gilbert , Gerald Westheimer (1995). Improvement in visual sensitivity by changes in local context: Parallel studies in human observers and in V1 of alert monkeys . Neuron, 15(4), 843-856. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90175-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2029346512
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Armando Bertone , Laurent Mottron , Patricia Jelenic , Jocelyn Faubert (2003). Motion Perception in Autism: A “Complex” Issue . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15(2), 218-225. MIT Press - Journals.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1162/089892903321208150 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2120747924
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Armando Bertone , Julie Hanck , Kim M. Cornish , Jocelyn Faubert (2008). Development of static and dynamic perception for luminance-defined and texture-defined information . NeuroReport, 19(2), 225-228. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f48401 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2089732625
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Cong Yu , Stanley A. Klein , Dennis M. Levi (2001). Surround modulation of perceived contrast and the role of brightness induction . Journal of Vision, 1(1), 3. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1167/1.1.3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2040901768
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Cong Yu , Stanley A. Klein , Dennis M. Levi (2003). Cross- and Iso- oriented surrounds modulate the contrast response function: The effect of surround contrast . Journal of Vision, 3(8), 1. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1167/3.8.1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2113631109
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Manuel F. Casanova , Daniel P. Buxhoeveden , Andrew E. Switala , Emil Roy (2002). Minicolumnar pathology in autism . Neurology, 58(3), 428-432. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1212/wnl.58.3.428 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2042999794
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Dennis M. Levi , Stanley A. Klein , A.P. Aitsebaomo (1985). Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification . Vision Research, 25(7), 963-977. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(85)90207-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2113094073
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. Lennart Gustafsson (1997). Inadequate cortical feature maps: A neural circuit theory of autism . Biological Psychiatry, 42(12), 1138-1147. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00141-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2068838877
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Catherine Lord , Susan Risi , Linda Lambrecht , Edwin H. Cook , Bennett L. Leventhal , Pamela C. DiLavore et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Generic: A Standard Measure of Social and Communication Deficits Associated with the Spectrum of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005592401947 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144446993
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  57. KEIKO MIZOBE , URI POLAT , MARK W. PETTET , TAKUJI KASAMATSU (2001). Facilitation and suppression of single striate-cell activity by spatially discrete pattern stimuli presented beyond the receptive field . Visual Neuroscience, 18(3), 377-391. Maximum Academic Press.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0952523801183045 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2159250574
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Cohen, Jacob (1990). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 14(1), 71. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2107031757
    Crossref OpenAlex
  59. Stefano Baldassi , Francesca Pei , Nicola Megna , Giorgia Recupero , Marco Viespoli , Roberta Igliozzi et al. (2009). Search superiority in autism within, but not outside the crowding regime . Vision Research, 49(16), 2151-2156. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.06.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2163724938
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Dave Ellemberg , Harriet A Allen , Robert F Hess (2004). Investigating local network interactions underlying first- and second-order processing . Vision Research, 44(15), 1787-1797. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.02.012 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2164612756
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Myriam W.G. Vandenbroucke , H. Steven Scholte , Herman van Engeland , Victor A.F. Lamme , Chantal Kemner (2009). A new approach to the study of detail perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Investigating visual feedforward, horizontal and feedback processing . Vision Research, 49(9), 1006-1016. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.12.017 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2115225661
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  62. M K Belmonte , E H Cook , G M Anderson , J L R Rubenstein , W T Greenough , A Beckel-Mitchener et al. (2004). Autism as a disorder of neural information processing: directions for research and targets for therapy . Molecular Psychiatry, 9(7), 646-663. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001499 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2139092938
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Manuel F. Casanova , Daniel Buxhoeveden , Juan Gomez (2003). Disruption in the Inhibitory Architecture of the Cell Minicolumn: Implications for Autisim . The Neuroscientist, 9(6), 496-507. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1073858403253552 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144343138
    OpenAlex
  64. Janet B W Williams , Michael First (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . Encyclopedia of Social Work. Oxford University PressNew York, NY.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2159011576
    OpenAlex
  65. Keith Muller , Jacob Cohen (1989). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences . Technometrics, 31(4), 499-500. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/1270020 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4300870773
    OpenAlex